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The mother’s size does not significantly impact the effects of teratogen exposure on fetal development. Teratogens are substances that cause congenital abnormalities in a developing fetus, and their impact is more related to the timing, duration, and type of exposure rather than the mother’s physical characteristics.

The type of teratogen is also important, as different teratogens can cause different types of congenital abnormalities. For example, alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, while certain medications can cause neural tube defects. However, the timing and duration of exposure are generally considered more critical factors.

The father’s health does not directly impact the effects of teratogen exposure on fetal development. Teratogens affect the fetus through the mother’s exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) does not necessarily decrease during pregnancy. In fact, pregnancy can sometimes increase the risk of IPV due to various stressors and changes in the relationship dynamics.

IPV consists of more than just physical abuse. It can also include emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse. Emotional abuse can involve manipulation, threats, and controlling behavior, while sexual abuse includes any non-consensual sexual activity.

IPV is not rare; it is a common issue affecting millions of people worldwide. It can occur in any demographic and socioeconomic group, making it a significant public health concern.

Taking iron with milk is not recommended because calcium in milk can inhibit the absorption of iron. It is better to take iron supplements with a source of vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption.

Iron supplements typically cause constipation rather than loose stools. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and dark stools.

Iron supplements are best absorbed on an empty stomach, but they can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. If this occurs, taking them with a small amount of food may help, but it should not be taken with dairy products or calcium-rich foods.

Fetal movements, known as quickening, are typically felt by the mother between 16 and 25 weeks of pregnancy, not specifically at week 245.

Lanugo, the fine hair covering the fetus, usually appears around 20 weeks of pregnancy and starts to disappear closer to the end of the third trimester, not specifically by week 355.

The sex of the baby is determined at conception, but it can be detected via ultrasound around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, not by week 85.

Providing additional information about the disorder is appropriate as it helps the couple understand the condition better and prepare for the future. This information can include the nature of the disorder, potential complications, and available treatments or interventions.

Referring the couple to a disorder-specific support group is also appropriate. Support groups can provide emotional support, practical advice, and a sense of community for families facing similar challenges. This can help the couple cope with the diagnosis and connect with others who have similar experiences.

Explaining that they may experience grief, which is normal, is appropriate. Grief is a common response to learning about a serious genetic disorder in a fetus, and normalizing these feelings can help the couple process their emotions and seek appropriate support.

Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is too little amniotic fluid. An amniotic fluid volume of 1900 mL is above the normal range, indicating that oligohydramnios is not present.

A follow-up glucose test is not directly indicated by the finding of polyhydramnios. While polyhydramnios can be associated with gestational diabetes, the decision to perform a glucose test would depend on other clinical factors and the patient’s history.

An amniotic fluid volume of 1900 mL is above the normal range for 34 weeks gestation, so it is not considered normal for gestational age. This finding indicates polyhydramnios rather than a normal fluid level.

The recommended limit for caffeine intake during pregnancy is generally 200 mg or less per day. Consuming 400 mg of caffeine daily exceeds this recommendation and may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

It is recommended to avoid alcohol entirely during pregnancy, as even small amounts can increase the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other complications. Therefore, having one alcoholic beverage a week is not considered safe.

Pregnant individuals should not decrease their intake of essential nutrients like calcium, magnesium, iron, and vitamin D. These nutrients are important for fetal development and maternal health. Instead, they should ensure they are getting adequate amounts through diet and supplements as recommended by their healthcare provider.

Lisinopril is not a beta blocker; it is an ACE inhibitor. Beta blockers, such as metoprolol, are generally considered safer during pregnancy compared to ACE inhibitors. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on your heart and blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure. However, they are not without risks and should be used under medical supervision during pregnancy.

This statement is incorrect because ACE inhibitors, including lisinopril, are not safe to continue during pregnancy. They pose significant risks to the fetus, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy.

Lisinopril is not an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB); it is an ACE inhibitor. ARBs, like ACE inhibitors, are also contraindicated during pregnancy due to similar risks of fetal toxicity and adverse outcomes.