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Apnea- Apnea is the absence of breathing, typically seen in conditions like sleep apnea or respiratory arrest.

Tachypnea – Tachypnea is an increased respiratory rate, often caused by fever, anxiety, or metabolic acidosis.

Dyspnea – Dyspnea is the general term for difficulty breathing, which can occur in various conditions but does not specify the need to sit or stand for relief.

A complete physical examination – While a physical examination is part of data collection, the primary goal of a nursing assessment is to guide nursing care rather than conduct a full medical examination.

A medical assessment – Medical assessments are conducted by physicians to diagnose diseases, while nursing assessments focus on holistic patient care.

Writing nursing orders – Nursing orders are based on the care plan but do not encompass the entire purpose of the assessment.

Functional disease – A functional disease refers to a condition where symptoms occur without an identifiable structural or biochemical cause, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Acute disease – Acute diseases have a sudden onset and short duration, such as influenza or appendicitis, unlike diabetes, which persists over time.

Contagious disease – Diabetes is not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted from person to person.

Bruits – Bruits are abnormal vascular sounds heard over arteries, often due to turbulence from a narrowed vessel.

Tympany – Tympany is a drum-like sound produced during percussion over areas filled with air, such as the stomach.

Thrill – A thrill is a palpable vibration over an artery or heart valve, indicating turbulent blood flow.

Hypoxia – Hypoxia is a condition where tissues do not receive adequate oxygen, leading to symptoms like confusion and cyanosis.

Hemoptysis – Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood, commonly seen in tuberculosis, lung cancer, or pulmonary embolism.

Tachypnea – Tachypnea is rapid breathing, which may occur due to fever, anxiety, or metabolic acidosis but does not involve excessive sweating.

Nursing assessment – A nursing assessment is the broader process of gathering patient information, including subjective and objective data, but does not specifically refer to a body system review.

Nursing interview – A nursing interview is a method used to gather subjective data from the patient, but it does not systematically review all body systems.

Health history – A health history includes past medical conditions, surgeries, and family history but does not systematically assess all body systems.

Bruits – Bruits are vascular sounds caused by turbulent blood flow, typically heard over arteries.

Crackles – Crackles (rales) are discontinuous, crackling breath sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli, often heard in pneumonia or heart failure.

Turgor – Turgor refers to skin elasticity and is used to assess hydration status, not lung sounds.

Crackle – Crackles are abnormal lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli, not vascular turbulence.

Thrill – A thrill is a palpable vibration over a blood vessel or heart valve, indicating turbulent blood flow but is felt rather than heard.

Wheeze – A wheeze is a high-pitched respiratory sound caused by narrowed airways, not vascular abnormalities.

Opening of the AV valves – The AV (atrioventricular) valves open silently during diastole; they do not create the "lub" sound.

Closing of the semilunar valves – The closing of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) produces the "dupp" sound, not the "lub."

Opening of the semilunar valves – The semilunar valves open silently during ventricular contraction; they do not produce the "lub" sound.