Review ATI LPN Anatomy and Physiology

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ATI LPN Anatomy and Physiology

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Total Questions : 80

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Question 1:

Which of the following functions is associated with the spleen?

A. Producing coagulation factors B. Destroying dying red blood cells C. Producing leukocytes before birth D. Storing glycogen

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Producing coagulation factors - This function is associated more with the liver, which produces various clotting factors involved in the coagulation process.

Choice B:

Destroying dying red blood cells: The spleen is primarily involved in the destruction of old or damaged red blood cells. It acts as a reservoir for blood, where it filters out old or abnormal red blood cells, recycling their components and removing any potentially harmful substances.

Choice C:

Producing leukocytes before birth - Leukocytes (white blood cells) are primarily produced in the bone marrow, not the spleen.

Choice D:

Storing glycogen - Glycogen storage is mainly associated with the liver and muscles, not the spleen.

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Question 2:

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

A. Storage of fat B. Body temperature regulation C. Energy production D. Gas exchange

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Storage of fat - While the skin does contain adipose tissue (fat), its primary function is not fat storage.

Choice B:

Body temperature regulation-The skin plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature through processes such as sweating to cool the body down and constriction of blood vessels to conserve heat.

Choice C:

Energy production - The skin is not directly involved in energy production; this is primarily carried out by organs like the liver and muscles.

Choice D:

Gas exchange - Gas exchange occurs primarily in the lungs, not the skin.

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Question 3:

Which of the following integral proteins allows ions to pass into or out of the cell?

A. Receptor B. Channel C. Ligand D. Peripheral

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Receptor - Receptors are proteins that bind to signaling molecules (ligands) outside the cell and initiate cellular responses but do not typically facilitate ion movement.

Choice B:

Channel-Integral membrane proteins called ion channels create pores in the cell membrane, allowing specific ions to pass through, thus facilitating ion movement into or out of the cell.

Choice C:

Ligand - Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors, activating them, but they do not facilitate ion movement.

Choice D:

Peripheral - Peripheral proteins are found on the surface of the cell membrane but are not typically involved in creating ion channels

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Question 4:

Which of the following represents a relationship between a gland and the hormone it secretes?

A. Adrenal cortex and calcitonin hormone B. Hypothalamus and prolactin hormone C. Anterior pituitary and growth hormone D. Thyroid and thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Adrenal cortex and calcitonin hormone - Calcitonin is primarily secreted by the thyroid gland, not the adrenal cortex.

Choice B:

Hypothalamus and prolactin hormone - Prolactin is primarily secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.

Choice C:

Anterior pituitary and growth hormone -The anterior pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which regulates growth, metabolism, and development.

Choice D:

Thyroid and thyroid-stimulating hormone - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the thyroid gland directly.

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Question 5:

Which of the following is the process of meiosis for egg cell formation?

A. Ovaries B. Oogenesis C. Ovulation D. Oocytes

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ovaries - The ovaries are the female reproductive organs where oogenesis occurs, but they are not the process itself.

Choice B:

Oogenesis: Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes (egg cells) are produced through meiosis in the ovaries.

Choice C:

Ovulation - Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary, not the process of egg cell formation.

Choice D:

Oocytes - Oocytes are immature egg cells found within the ovaries; they undergo oogenesis to mature into eggs.

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Question 6:

After traveling through the proximal convoluted tubule, glomerular filtrate enters which of the following nephron components?

A. Loop of Henle B. Bowman's capsule C. Collecting duct D. Glomerulus

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

After the glomerular filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule, it enters the Loop of Henle. This component of the nephron is responsible for further concentrating the filtrate and plays a critical role in urine concentration.

Choice B:

Bowman's capsule is where glomerular filtration begins. It collects the filtrate from the glomerulus, but it is not where filtrate goes after the proximal convoluted tubule.

Choice C:

The collecting duct is the final segment of the nephron where urine is collected after it has passed through the Loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule. It does not receive the filtrate directly from the proximal convoluted tubule.

Choice D:

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where filtration of blood occurs, producing glomerular filtrate. It is not a component that the filtrate enters after the proximal convoluted tubule.

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Question 7:

Which of the following is the area of the brain that contains the medulla, pons, and midbrain?

A. Cerebellum B. Brain stem C. Ventricles D. Chord plexus

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Cerebellum - The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance but is not where the medulla, pons, and midbrain are located.

Choice B:

Brainstem-The brainstem is composed of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. It regulates many basic physiological functions such as heart rate, breathing, and sleep.

Choice C:

Ventricles - The ventricles are fluid-filled cavities within the brain, not regions containing the medulla, pons, and midbrain.

Choice D:

Choroid plexus - The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, but it is not where the medulla, pons, and midbrain are located.

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Question 8:

Which of the following best describes the function of connective tissue?

A. Contracts and brings about movement B. Generates and transmits impulses C. Covers and lines body surfaces D. Binds tissue together and supports structures

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Contracts and brings about movement - This describes the function of muscle tissue, not connective tissue.

Choice B:

Generates and transmits impulses - This describes the function of nervous tissue, not connective tissue.

Choice C:

Covers and lines body surfaces - This describes the function of epithelial tissue, not connective tissue

Choice D:

Binds tissue together and supports structures: Connective tissue serves to bind, support, and protect other tissues and organs of the body. It also plays a role in insulation, storing energy, and transporting substances.

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Question 9:

Which of the following terms identifies the point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber?

A. Insertion site B. Origin site C. Neuromuscular junction D. interneuron

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Insertion site - This refers to the attachment point of a muscle tendon to a bone, not the point of contact between nerve and muscle.

Choice B:

Origin site - This refers to the attachment point of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone, not the neuromuscular junction.

Choice C:

Neuromuscular junction: The neuromuscular junction is the specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is where the nerve impulse is transmitted from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber, resulting in muscle contraction.

Choice D:

Interneuron - Interneurons are neurons that transmit signals between other neurons; they are not directly involved in the neuromuscular junction.

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Question 10:

Which of the following pressures is necessary for lymph to be produced?

A. Decreased osmotic pressure B. Increased hydrostatic pressure C. Decreased hydrostatic pressure D. increased osmotic pressure

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Decreased osmotic pressure - Decreased osmotic pressure would lead to fluid retention within the capillaries, not lymph production.

Choice B:

Increased hydrostatic pressure: Lymph is produced when there is an increase in hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries, which forces fluid and solutes out into the interstitial space, forming lymph.

Choice C:

Decreased hydrostatic pressure - Decreased hydrostatic pressure would result in decreased filtration of fluid from the capillaries, hindering lymph production.

Choice D:

Increased osmotic pressure - Increased osmotic pressure would draw fluid back into the capillaries, opposing lymph formation.

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Total Questions : 80

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ATI LPN Anatomy and Physiology

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