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Choose the cuff that says "Child" instead of "Infant." Blood pressure cuffs should be appropriately sized for accurate readings. A cuff that is too small can result in falsely high readings, while a cuff that is too large can produce falsely low readings.

Use the diaphragm portion of the stethoscope to detect Korotkoff sounds. The bell of the stethoscope is best for detecting low-pitched sounds, including Korotkoff sounds.

Obtain the reading before the child has a chance to settle down. A child who is upset, crying, or anxious may have an elevated blood pressure reading due to stress. It is best to allow the child to calm down before obtaining an accurate measurement.

Calcium channel blocker: Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine, diltiazem) do not commonly cause a dry cough. They primarily work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing heart workload.

Angiotensin II receptor blocker: ARBs (e.g., losartan, valsartan) do not typically cause a persistent cough. They are often prescribed instead of ACE inhibitors for patients who experience this side effect.

Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol) are not commonly associated with a dry cough. They mainly affect heart rate and blood pressure but can cause bronchospasms in some patients.

Aortic and Mitral: The mitral valve is associated with the S1 sound, not S2. S2 occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close.

Mitral and Pulmonic: The mitral valve closure is heard in S1, while the pulmonic valve closure is part of S2. However, the mitral valve is not involved in S2.

Mitral and Tricuspid: The mitral and tricuspid valves close during S1, not S2. These valves are atrioventricular (AV) valves, not semilunar valves.

Aortic and Mitral: The mitral valve is associated with the S1 sound, not S2. S2 occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) close.

Mitral and Pulmonic: The mitral valve closure is heard in S1, while the pulmonic valve closure is part of S2. However, the mitral valve is not involved in S2.

Mitral and Tricuspid: The mitral and tricuspid valves close during S1, not S2. These valves are atrioventricular (AV) valves, not semilunar valves.

Reads and follows the health care provider's orders. While following provider orders is important, critical thinking requires assessing the situation and considering all relevant factors, rather than just following orders without analysis.

Accepts one established way to provide care. Critical thinking involves evaluating different approaches and adapting to individual patient needs rather than rigidly adhering to a single method.

Makes decisions based on intuition. While intuition can be helpful, evidence-based practice and clinical reasoning should guide decision-making, not just intuition alone.

Assess the pedal pulses for a full minute. Pedal pulses assess circulation to the lower extremities and are not related to confirming an irregular heart rate.

Assess the apical pulse with a Doppler device. A Doppler is not typically necessary to assess the apical pulse unless pulses are difficult to detect due to poor circulation.

Assess the pedal pulses with a Doppler device. Checking pedal pulses with a Doppler is useful for assessing circulation in the lower extremities but does not help confirm an irregular heart rate.

You will need to use a stethoscope properly. A portable electronic blood pressure device is automatic and does not require the use of a stethoscope. The device detects oscillations in arterial pressure to provide a reading.

You can move your arm during the reading. Movement during the reading can interfere with accuracy and produce incorrect results. The patient should keep the arm still and at heart level.

You can apply the cuff in any manner. The cuff must be applied correctly—snug but not too tight, with the lower edge about 1 inch above the antecubital fossa, and the bladder of the cuff positioned over the artery—to ensure accurate readings.

Hypertension: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine that typically causes hypotension, not hypertension. It can have a mild vasodilatory effect, leading to a drop in blood pressure in some patients.

Constipation: While some antihistamines can cause mild gastrointestinal effects, constipation is not a primary adverse effect of diphenhydramine. Dry mouth and urinary retention are more common due to its anticholinergic properties.

Bradycardia: Diphenhydramine can sometimes cause tachycardia (increased heart rate), especially in elderly patients or those prone to cardiovascular effects. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a usual adverse effect.

Hold the hands higher than the elbows. Hands should be held lower than the elbows to allow water to flow from the fingertips downward, preventing contamination of clean areas by dirty water.

Rub hands and arms to dry. Hands should be dried by patting rather than rubbing to prevent skin irritation. Also, drying should focus on the hands first, then the wrists, and then the forearms to avoid recontamination.

Adjust the water temperature to feel hot. Water should be warm, not hot, to prevent skin irritation and dryness. Hot water can damage the skin’s natural protective barrier, increasing susceptibility to infection.

Muscular strength assessment: While muscular strength is important for overall mobility and health, it is not a key factor in wound healing. Wound healing is primarily influenced by oxygenation, perfusion, and nutrition.

Sensation assessment: While sensation is important in patients with conditions like diabetes (due to the risk of neuropathy and unnoticed wounds), it is not the most relevant assessment for determining wound healing.

Sleep assessment: Adequate rest is beneficial for healing, but sleep assessment is not the primary factor that determines wound healing. Other physiological factors play a greater role.