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Hospice care is intended for clients who are no longer pursuing curative treatment. The focus shifts from curing the disease to providing comfort, pain management, and emotional support at the end of life.

Hospice care is specifically for individuals who have a prognosis of 6 months or less to live, assuming the illness runs its normal course. This eligibility criterion is central to receiving hospice services.

Hospice care can be provided in various settings, including the client’s home, a hospice facility, a hospital, or a long-term care facility. Admission to a specific facility is not a requirement.

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure. It would not be used in neurogenic shock, where the goal is to improve blood pressure and cardiac output.

Epinephrine is a vasopressor and can be used to help increase blood pressure and heart rate in shock states, including neurogenic shock. It helps in vasoconstriction and improving perfusion.

Dopamine is another vasopressor and inotropic agent that can be used to improve blood pressure and cardiac output in neurogenic shock. It works by stimulating the heart and constricting blood vessels.

urosemide is a diuretic, and would not typically be used in neurogenic shock. In fact, it may worsen hypoperfusion by decreasing circulating blood volume. Diuretics are usually used for conditions like heart failure or fluid overload, not shock management

Respiratory rate, respiratory depth, and pulse oximetry is important for assessing respiratory status, especially postoperatively, but does not directly address fluid volume status, which is the priority nursing problem in this case.

While BUN, creatinine, and weight are valuable in assessing kidney function and fluid status, the immediate postoperative concern is more focused on gastrointestinal function and fluid loss from surgical drainage, rather than renal function alone.

Vital signs and cardiac rhythm are important for monitoring overall cardiovascular status, but they do not specifically address the risk of deficient fluid volume as effectively as the assessments in option B, which directly address potential sources of fluid loss.

Applying ice packs to the radiated area is not typically recommended, as it can cause additional skin irritation or damage. Skin care after radiation usually focuses on keeping the skin moisturized and protected.

Avoiding sharing bathrooms or toilets with others for 48 hours after treatment is not a required precaution for external radiation therapy, as there is no significant risk of radiation exposure to others through contact with shared bathroom facilities. This is more applicable to certain types of radioactive implants or internal radiation therapies.

While rest is important during cancer treatment, this instruction is more general and not as specific to skin care management during radiation therapy. The primary focus for skin care would be preventing irritation and damage to the skin in the radiated area.

Radiation oncology is focused on the use of radiation therapy to treat cancer. Since the patient has decided not to continue with treatment, this specialty would not be the most appropriate recommendation in this situation.

Hospice care is designed to provide comfort and support for individuals with terminal illnesses who are no longer seeking curative treatments. It focuses on improving the quality of life, pain management, and providing emotional and spiritual support for the patient and their family. This is the most appropriate referral in the context of a terminal cancer diagnosis where the patient has chosen to discontinue curative treatment.

Psychiatry may be helpful if the patient is experiencing significant emotional or psychological distress, but it is not the primary specialty needed for a terminal cancer patient who is opting for comfort-focused care.

While it is helpful for individuals to track and monitor skin lesions, keeping a detailed body map may not be a common or necessary recommendation for everyone. Self-monitoring is important, but the focus should be on regular skin checks rather than detailed mapping.

The recommended frequency for self-skin exams is monthly, not every 2 months. Regular monthly self-exams are essential for early detection of skin cancer.

The sun's UV rays can be strong throughout the day, not just before or after 3pm. The most important guideline for sun safety is to avoid excessive sun exposure, particularly between 10am and 4pm, when UV rays are strongest. Simply avoiding the sun after 3pm is not a sufficient recommendation.

"I can't believe the doctor graduated from medical school. He doesn't know a thing about treating cancer?" This statement reflects anger rather than denial. In the anger stage of grief, individuals may direct their frustration toward others, including healthcare providers, feeling that they have been wronged or mistreated.

"Even though I am not hurting right now, I don't feel like I have the energy to get out of bed." This statement indicates depression rather than denial. Depression in the grieving process often includes feelings of fatigue, sadness, or a lack of motivation, and is characterized by a sense of hopelessness or resignation.

"The doctor has been so good to me. I know he has tried everything he can. It is just my time." This statement indicates acceptance, the final stage of the grief process. Acceptance involves coming to terms with the reality of the situation, recognizing that the end is near, and being at peace with it.

While a complete blood count (CBC) and platelet count are part of the evaluation of DIC, they are not sufficient on their own to confirm the diagnosis. The prothrombin time (PT) is helpful but does not provide the most specific information regarding fibrinolysis and clot breakdown, which are crucial in diagnosing DIC.

While prothrombin time (PT) and D-dimer are useful in the diagnosis of DIC, fibrin level is not a standard test. The focus is generally on fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDPs) rather than fibrin levels.

Although fibrin degradation products and a complete blood count are part of the evaluation, lactic acid is not typically a key test in diagnosing DIC. Lactic acid levels may rise in conditions associated with hypoperfusion or shock but do not specifically diagnose DIC.