Share This Link

the subcutaneous layer, but no deeper: The subcutaneous layer lies beneath the dermis and contains fat and connective tissue. A cut reaching this layer would likely cause significant bleeding and deeper tissue pain, which does not match Anthony’s wound.

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers: The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis. While cuts affecting only this layer may cause mild discomfort, they rarely produce the type of superficial pain described, and they do not reach the dermis where more pain receptors are located.

the stratum corneum but not the stratum granulosum: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and contains dead cells. A cut limited to this layer is usually painless and superficial, without causing noticeable pain.

hyaline epithelium: Hyaline epithelium is not a recognized tissue type. Hyaline typically refers to cartilage, not epithelial tissue, and does not line serous membranes.

areolar CT: Areolar connective tissue is a loose connective tissue that supports and cushions organs, but it is not an epithelial layer and does not form the lining of serous membranes.

endothelium: Endothelium is a simple squamous epithelium that lines blood vessels and the heart, not serous cavities. It functions primarily in exchange of materials and maintaining vascular homeostasis.

glycogen is formed: The formation of glycogen from glucose is called glycogenesis, not gluconeogenesis. Glycogenesis stores glucose for later use rather than producing it from noncarbohydrate sources.

glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water: The breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water occurs during cellular respiration, specifically glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, not gluconeogenesis.

glycogen is broken down to release glucose: The breakdown of glycogen to release glucose is called glycogenolysis. This process provides glucose when energy is needed but does not involve the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.

bone; adipose: Bone is the most solid connective tissue, providing structural support and protection. Adipose tissue, while soft and pliable, is not the most fluid connective tissue since it primarily stores fat rather than circulating or transporting substances.

hyaline cartilage; areolar: Hyaline cartilage is firm but not as rigid as bone, and areolar connective tissue is loose and supportive but not fluid; it serves as a cushioning and binding tissue rather than a circulating medium.

fibrocartilage; areolar: Fibrocartilage is tough and less compressible than hyaline cartilage but is still less solid and rigid than bone. Areolar tissue is a viscous, gel-like matrix that is not the most fluid type.

stratum granulosum: The stratum granulosum is a middle layer of the epidermis where keratinization begins. A splinter superficial to the dermis would pass through this layer, but it is not the deepest epidermal layer affected.

stratum lucidum: The stratum lucidum is found only in thick, hairless skin such as the palms and soles, but it lies above the stratum granulosum. While a splinter in the sole could pass through this layer, it would not be the final epidermal layer injured.

stratum corneum: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of dead keratinized cells. It would be the first layer penetrated by the splinter, not the final layer injured.

 The stratum spinosum is located above the stratum basale and below the stratum granulosum. A splinter would pass through this layer before reaching the stratum basale, making it an earlier layer affected rather than the final layer injured.

Delivers important sensory information about our environmental conditions to our brains: The skin contains sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, temperature, and pain, sending this information to the brain for interpretation.

Holds a portion of the blood's total volume to be shunted (diverted) to other organs when needed: The skin’s extensive vascular network can store blood and redirect it to vital organs during times of need, helping regulate blood pressure and thermoregulation.

Conducts chemical reactions using the sun’s energy to initiate vitamin D synthesis: The skin is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D when exposed to UVB rays from sunlight, which is a critical metabolic function supporting calcium homeostasis and bone health.

Nonciliated simple columnar ET: Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium lines the digestive tract and is involved in absorption and secretion. It is not specialized to stretch, so it is not found in the urinary bladder.

Simple cuboidal ET: Simple cuboidal epithelium lines ducts and glands, providing moderate protection and secretion. It does not have the stretching capability required for the urinary bladder.

Ciliated simple columnar ET: Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is found in areas such as the respiratory tract and uterine tubes, where cilia move substances along the epithelial surface. It is not present in the urinary bladder.

squamous epithelial cell: Squamous epithelial cells form flat layers of tissue that provide a protective barrier. They are not involved in antigen presentation or immune surveillance like dendritic cells.

muscle cell: Muscle cells are specialized for contraction and movement. They do not participate in immune responses or capture antigens, so they are not related to dendritic cell function.

melanocyte: Melanocytes produce melanin to protect the skin from UV damage. While both are found in the epidermis, dendritic cells function in immune defense rather than pigmentation.

nerve cell: Nerve cells transmit electrical signals to communicate sensory or motor information. They do not process antigens or trigger immune responses, unlike dendritic cells.

Stratified cuboidal: Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of two or more true layers of cuboidal cells, with only the basal layer in contact with the basement membrane. It provides protection and is typically found in ducts of glands.

Stratified columnar: Stratified columnar epithelium has multiple layers with only the deepest cells touching the basement membrane. It is rare and mainly found in parts of the pharynx, male urethra, and some glandular ducts.

Transitional: Transitional epithelium is specialized for stretching and recoiling, found in the urinary bladder. Cells change shape depending on tension, and not all layers contact the basement membrane.