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attachment: An emotional bond with a caregiver; it doesn’t explain noticing a hidden object.

animism: Attributing life to inanimate objects (preoperational trait); unrelated to noticing hidden objects.

egocentrism: Difficulty seeing others’ perspectives (preoperational trait); not about object disappearance.

"sticky mittens" experience: A training method using Velcro mittens; not a natural grasp type.

gross motor skill: Large-muscle movements (e.g., crawling); grasping is a fine motor skill.

pincer grasp: Thumb–forefinger pinch; develops later (~9–12 months), not the whole-hand grip.

preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor: This reverses the actual order by placing sensorimotor last, which is incorrect. Sensorimotor is the first stage, occurring in infancy.

preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor: This mixes up the middle stages and again places sensorimotor last, which is inaccurate.

concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational: This option is completely jumbled and even repeats concrete operational twice.

assimilation: Fitting new info into an existing schema without changing it (e.g., calling a bus a “car”); not what happens here.

scheme (schema): The mental framework itself, not the process of change.

disequilibrium: Cognitive conflict that can prompt change; the change itself is accommodation.

fetal: Later period; more functional defects and growth issues than major structural ones.

implantation: Very early pre-embryonic stage; structural organ formation hasn’t begun.

germinal: Conception to ~2 weeks; before organ formation, thus lower risk of structural anomalies.

the heartbeat: Loss of the heartbeat is circulatory or cardiac death; with mechanical ventilation and support the heart can continue beating even when the brain has irreversibly ceased functioning, so this is not the defining feature of brain death.

the higher cortical functions of the brain: Loss of cortical function alone (e.g., no consciousness) may produce a persistent vegetative state, but brainstem functions can remain; that situation is not equivalent to whole-brain death.

lower brainstem functions: Loss of brainstem function (respiratory drive, brainstem reflexes) is critical and may define brainstem death in some places, but the widely used medical definition is cessation of all brain functions (both cortical and brainstem), so lower-brainstem cessation alone doesn’t capture the full standard.

find something to grasp: Grasping is produced by the palmar (or palmer) grasp reflex, not the rooting reflex; rooting directs head/mouth movements.

calm down: Rooting itself is an orienting reflex; while successful sucking can soothe an infant, the reflex’s primary purpose is locating a nipple, not direct calming.

go to sleep: Rooting does not purposefully induce sleep; it’s an adaptive feeding reflex.

During this time, a human's immune system reaches its full potential: Immune maturation occurs over childhood, but evolutionary accounts emphasize learning and brain development rather than immune maturation as the main reason for extended childhood.

A long childhood period is a "left over" adaptation from the time when the human life span was considerably shorter than it is today: This “spandrel” or vestigial explanation is not the favored evolutionary account; extended childhood is usually seen as adaptive for learning and brain growth.

Rebellion against authority is a necessary step in the evolutionary development of independent behavior: Rebellion may occur in adolescence but evolutionary psychology does not frame extended childhood primarily as producing rebellion; it emphasizes learning and skill acquisition.

identity moratorium: Moratorium describes individuals in active crisis/exploration but without a firm commitment; therefore it does not match “commitment but no crisis.”

identity achievement: Achievement is the status after undergoing a crisis/exploration and then making a commitment, so it requires a prior crisis.

identity diffusion: Diffusion describes lack of both exploration (crisis) and commitment, the opposite of the status described.