Review ATI LPN Paediatrics (Nursing Care of Newborn)

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ATI LPN Paediatrics (Nursing Care of Newborn)

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Total Questions : 57

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Question 1:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a 15-month-old toddler about nutritional guidelines. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. "My child will be constipated if they drink more than 6 ounces of juice a day." B. "My child's intake of calcium should average 500 milligrams every day." C. "My child should consume 1,500 to 1,800 calories each day by the time they turn 2." D. "My child's appetite will increase suddenly when they turn 18 months old."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Excessive juice does not cause constipation, but it can reduce the appetite for other foods.

Choice B:

A 15-month-old toddler needs about 500 milligrams of calcium per day to support bone growth and development. Calcium can be found in dairy products, fortified cereals, and leafy green vegetables.

Choice C:

Toddlers need approximately 1,000 to 1,300 calories per day to support their rapid growth and development. Therefore, 1500- 1800 calories per day is too much for a toddler.

Choice D:

While toddlers may experience changes in appetite, there is no specific age-related sudden increase at 18 months mentioned in nutritional guidelines.

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Question 2:

A nurse is assisting in the admission of a 9-month-old infant who has gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority? (Click on the exhibit tabs for additional information about the client. There are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.)Exhibit 1

Exhibit 2

Exhibit 3 Graphic Record
Blood pressure 68/46 mm Hg Heart rate 182/min Respiratory rate 32/min
Temperature 38.8°C (101.9°F) SaO2 95% on room air

A. Skin turgor B. Potassium level C. Capillary refill D. Heart rate

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Skin turgor assessment is important in assessing dehydration, but the priority is addressing the tachycardia first.

Choice B:

Potassium level is important in managing electrolyte imbalance in gastroenteritis, but the priority is addressing the elevated heart rate first.

Choice C:

Capillary refill is an important assessment for circulation, but the priority is addressing the elevated heart rate first.

Choice D:

The elevated heart rate (tachycardia) indicates increased workload on the heart, likely due to dehydration or other complications of gastroenteritis. This requires immediate attention to stabilize the infant's condition.

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Question 3:

A nurse in a pediatric unit is assisting with providing care for multiple children. Which of the following physical findings and parental reports should cause the nurse to suspect child maltreatment?

A. A toddler has a spiral fracture, and the parent reports a fall from a swing. B. A preschooler has bruises on the shins, and the parent reports a collision with furniture. C. An adolescent has a head injury, and the parent reports a fall from a bike. D. A school-age child has a black eye, and the parent reports a fight with a classmate.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Spiral fractures are often associated with child abuse, especially when they occur in non-ambulatory infants or toddlers who can't generate enough force to cause such injuries themselves.

Choice B:

Bruises from a collision with furniture can be common in preschoolers, and there's no immediate indication of child maltreatment.

Choice C:

Head injuries from falls, especially during adolescence, are common and may not necessarily indicate child maltreatment.

Choice D:

While a black eye could be concerning, it's not necessarily indicative of child maltreatment and could be the result of a fight with a classmate.

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Question 4:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a school-age child who is undergoing testing for acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The nurse should inform the parent that the child will undergo which of the following tests to confirm the diagnosis?

A. Spinal fluid analysis B. Complete blood count C. Bone marrow biopsy D. Bleeding time

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

While spinal fluid analysis may be necessary in some cases, it is not typically used to confirm a diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL).

Choice B:

A complete blood count (CBC) may show abnormalities suggestive of leukemia, but it is not definitive for diagnosis.

Choice C:

Bone marrow biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) by examining the bone marrow for abnormal cells.

Choice D:

Bleeding time is not typically used to diagnose acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL); it assesses platelet function.

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Question 5:

A nurse is caring for a preschooler immediately following the application of a long-leg plaster cast due to a fracture. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

A. Monitor capillary refill of the casted extremity. B. Use the palms of the hands when supporting the cast. C. Examine the skin at the cast edges. D. Instruct the child not to put anything inside the cast.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Monitoring capillary refill of the casted extremity is crucial for assessing circulation and ensuring there are no complications such as compartment syndrome.

Choice B:

While supporting the cast correctly is important, it is not the priority immediately following the application.

Choice C:

Examining the skin at the cast edges is important, but it is not the priority immediately following the application.

Choice D:

Instructing the child not to put anything inside the cast is important, but it is not the priority immediately following the application.

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Question 6:

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a toddler about promoting effective sleep patterns. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. "My child and I will watch TV for 30 minutes before we go to bed." B. "After my child falls asleep in my bed, I will move them to their bed." C. "I will allow my child to have a drink of water each night prior to bedtime." D. "I will allow my child to eat dinner 1 hour before bedtime."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Watching TV before bed can be stimulating and disrupt sleep patterns.

Choice B:

Allowing the child to fall asleep in the parent's bed and then moving them to their own bed can create dependency and disrupt sleep patterns.

Choice C:

This statement shows that the parent understands the importance of hydration and avoiding caffeine or sugar before bed.

Choice D:

Eating dinner too close to bedtime can cause indigestion, reflux or nightmares and also disrupts the child’s metabolism.

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Question 7:

A nurse is caring for a child who has pertussis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse initiate?

A. Droplet B. Contact C. Airborne D. Protective

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Pertussis is spread via respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions should be initiated.

Choice B:

Contact precautions are used for diseases transmitted by direct contact with the patient or their environment, not for pertussis.

Choice C:

Airborne precautions are used for diseases transmitted by airborne particles, such as tuberculosis or measles, not for pertussis.

Choice D:

Protective precautions are not a standard precaution type; they involve protecting immunocompromised patients from acquiring infections.

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Question 8:

A nurse is obtaining a sputum sample from a school-age child. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Ask the child to cough deeply. B. Ask the child to clear their throat. C. Use wall suction to obtain the sample from the child's throat. D. Use a bulb syringe to obtain sputum from the child's mouth.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Asking the child to cough deeply can help bring up sputum for sampling.

Choice B:

Asking the child to clear their throat might not be effective in obtaining a sputum sample.

Choice C:

Using wall suction can be invasive and unnecessary for obtaining a sputum sample.

Choice D:

Using a bulb syringe to obtain sputum from the child's mouth might not be effective for obtaining a sputum sample from the lower respiratory tract.

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Question 9:

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a preschooler who has moderate partial- thickness burns on both lower extremities. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?

A. Maintain clean technique during the child's dressing changes. B. Provide low-calorie snacks for the child three to four times each day between meals. C. Allow the child to set their own daily schedule for wound care. D. Ensure the child receives pain medication 30 to 45 min prior to therapy.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Maintaining clean technique during dressing changes is essential for preventing infection but is not specific to pain management.

Choice B:

Providing low-calorie snacks is unrelated to managing moderate partial-thickness burns.

Choice C:

Allowing the child to set their own schedule for wound care might not be appropriate or safe, as wound care should be performed according to healthcare provider recommendations.

Choice D:

Ensuring the child receives pain medication prior to therapy helps manage pain associated with dressing changes and other therapeutic interventions.

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Question 10:

A nurse is making a home visit to a 5-year-old child who has cerebral palsy and uses a wheelchair. Which of the following observations made by the nurse indicates that the family needs support and resources to cope with the child's condition?

A. A grandparent is assisting the child in performing ADLs. B. The child is playing a game with their siblings. C. The parent is withdrawn and rarely interacts with the child. D. The step-parent is helping the child prepare to transition into school.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Involvement of a grandparent in assisting with activities of daily living (ADLs) indicates family support.

Choice B:

The child engaging in play with siblings suggests social interaction and family involvement.

Choice C:

A withdrawn parent may indicate emotional distress or difficulty coping with the child's condition, necessitating support and resources.

Choice D:

The step-parent's involvement in preparing the child for school transition indicates family support and engagement in the child's development.

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ATI LPN Paediatrics (Nursing Care of Newborn)

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