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This is incorrect. With aging, the trunk actually shortens due to intervertebral disc compression, vertebral changes such as kyphosis, and loss of muscle tone. The upper extremities may appear relatively longer, but there is no true increase in trunk length. Degenerative changes in the spine contribute to a stooped posture, not elongation.

This is incorrect. Range of motion typically decreases with age due to joint stiffness, cartilage degeneration, and reduced elasticity of connective tissues. Elderly individuals often experience limitations in mobility, especially in weight-bearing joints like hips and knees.

This is incorrect. Bony prominences become more visible in older adults due to loss of subcutaneous fat and muscle mass. Areas such as the elbows, knees, and spine may appear more pronounced, increasing the risk for pressure injuries.

This is incorrect. Allergic rhinitis is more common in younger populations and tends to decline with age due to immunosenescence. While older adults can still experience allergic rhinitis, it is not more common in this age group compared to younger individuals.

This is incorrect. Although allergic rhinitis is indeed common between ages 10 and 39, the statement fails to recognize that its prevalence declines after age 40, making it less likely in older adults. This decline is due to reduced immune responsiveness and changes in allergen exposure.

This is incorrect. Nonallergic rhinitis is not typically a pediatric condition. It is more often seen in adults, especially the elderly, and is triggered by factors such as temperature changes, odors, medications, and hormonal shifts rather than allergens.

This is incorrect. While sleep patterns may influence overall health and pain perception, they are not a primary focus in musculoskeletal assessment. The assessment should prioritize structural, functional, and symptomatic evaluation of the musculoskeletal system.

This is incorrect. Although pain reporting is essential, the phrasing “report any and all pains” is vague and lacks clinical specificity. Pain should be assessed systematically using location, intensity, duration, and quality, but it is not the sole priority in musculoskeletal evaluation.

This is incorrect. Past injuries or conditions are highly relevant in musculoskeletal assessment. They provide context for current symptoms, help identify chronic issues, and guide differential diagnosis. Ignoring past history can lead to misdiagnosis or incomplete care.

This is incorrect. While providing emotional reassurance is important, it is not the primary clinical rationale for investigating bruises and lacerations. The nurse practitioner’s responsibility is to assess for potential causes, including neglect or abuse, not just to comfort the family.

This is incorrect. Although aging skin is more prone to bruising and tearing due to reduced collagen, elastin, and vascular integrity, these findings should not be dismissed without further evaluation. They may be normal, but they can also signal underlying issues.

This is incorrect. While abuse is a possibility, it cannot be assumed without evidence. A thorough assessment is required to differentiate between age-related changes, accidental trauma, and intentional harm. Jumping to conclusions without investigation may compromise care and legal processes.

Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) is primarily involved in taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue and innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle. It plays a role in swallowing and salivation but is not directly responsible for facial movement or sensation. Therefore, it is not the primary nerve assessed for facial disorders.

Cranial nerve III (Oculomotor nerve) controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil and maintaining an open eyelid. It is not involved in facial sensation or expression, making it irrelevant in the context of facial disorders.

Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve) is responsible for facial sensation and motor functions such as mastication. While it is important in assessing facial sensation, it does not control facial expression. Disorders of the face often involve motor deficits, making cranial nerve VII more relevant.

Gout typically presents with acute joint inflammation, most commonly affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint. While it can affect other joints, it rarely causes generalized muscle weakness or significant movement restriction in the upper extremities unless there is severe chronic tophaceous involvement.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that can cause joint stiffness and deformity. However, it usually presents bilaterally and symmetrically, affecting smaller joints first. Isolated inability to move one arm is less characteristic of RA unless there is advanced joint damage.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes pain and stiffness, especially in weight-bearing joints. It may affect the shoulder, but it typically does not cause profound motor deficits or inability to move the arm unless there is severe joint degeneration.

Telangiectasia refers to small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. While it can contribute to bleeding, especially in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, it is not the term used to describe active nosebleeds.

Retinopathy refers to damage to the retina, often due to diabetes or hypertension. It does not involve nasal bleeding and is unrelated to epistaxis.

Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses and may cause nasal congestion, pain, and discharge. While it can lead to irritation and minor bleeding, it is not defined by nasal bleeding and is not the correct term for epistaxis.

Pulmonary function testing evaluates lung capacity and airflow but is not the primary diagnostic tool for sleep impairment related to rhinitis. It may be used in cases of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but not for sleep-related breathing disorders.

Massage therapy may help with general relaxation but is not a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention for sleep impairment due to rhinitis. It does not address airway obstruction or sleep-disordered breathing.

Allergy skin testing may help identify triggers for rhinitis but does not evaluate sleep impairment. It is useful for managing allergic rhinitis but not for diagnosing sleep apnea or other sleep disorders.

Uveitis involves inflammation of the uveal tract and may cause photophobia and eye pain, but it typically lacks the systemic symptoms and visual halos seen in acute glaucoma. It also does not usually present with a rapid loss of visual acuity.

Hyphema refers to blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, usually due to trauma. It may cause visual disturbance but does not typically present with nausea, vomiting, or halos around lights.

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, often presenting with redness and irritation. It does not cause severe pain, halos, or systemic symptoms and is not associated with acute vision loss.

This is incorrect. While inspecting facial features is important, it is not as specific or diagnostic as palpation for anatomical irregularities. Visual inspection alone may miss subtle structural changes that can be detected through palpation.

This is incorrect. Skin inspection is part of a general physical exam but does not specifically address anatomical irregularities of the head. It is useful for identifying dermatological conditions but not structural disorders.

This is incorrect. Scalp and hair inspection is important for assessing hygiene, hair loss patterns, and dermatologic conditions, but it does not directly evaluate structural disorders of the head and neck.