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Exam Review

Med Surg, Urinary, Fluid and Electrolytes

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Total Questions : 40

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Question 1:

The nurse caring for a client reviews the medical record and determines the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit because of which situation?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 2:

The nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia.
What clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in this client?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 3:

The client has an IV of dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline. The physician has ordered a transfusion of one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs).
Before hanging the blood, the nurse will prime the blood tubing with which of the following solutions?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 4:

The nurse on a urology unit is caring for a client diagnosed with calcium oxalate renal calculi.
When planning this client's health education, what nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 5:

A client who is NPO has an order for 1000 mL of D5W 0.45% NS with 40 mEq of potassium over 24 hours.
How many mL/h should the IV pump be programmed for?

Math instructions: IV calculations: (rate-mL/hr).

Although some IV pumps do allow calibration to the tenth or hundredth, for the purpose of exams, IV rate calculations will be rounded to the nearest whole number.

Answer and Explanation

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Question 6:

The physician has prescribed 30 mEq of potassium gluconate to be given orally once a day in orange juice.

The available concentration of potassium gluconate is 20 mEq per 15 mL.

What is the amount of mL the nurse will administer Instructions: Rounding: For adult clients, the answer should be rounded to the nearest whole number (mg, mcg, and m).

Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: "23" mL

Explanation

The correct answer is 22.5 mL.

To find the amount of mL, use the formula: (desired dose / available dose) x available volume.

In this case, desired dose = 30 mEq, available dose = 20 mEq, and available volume = 15 mL.

Plug these values into the formula: (30 mEq / 20 mEq) x 15 mL = 22.5 mL.

However, since the instructions say to round to the nearest whole number for adult clients, the final answer is 23 mL.


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Question 7:

The physician's orders read: Give cortisone 0.015 grams every 8 hours orally. The pharmacy sends cortisone 10mg tablets.

How many tablet(s) will the nurse give Instructions: Rounding: For adult clients, the answer should be rounded to the nearest tenth (mg, mcg, and m).

Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: "1.5" tablets

Explanation

The correct answer is 1.5 tablets.

To find the number of tablets, use the formula: (desired dose / available dose) x 1 tablet.

In this case, desired dose = 0.015 grams, and available dose = 10 mg.

However, these units are not the same, so they need to be converted to a common unit.

One gram is equal to 1000 mg, so 0.015 grams is equal to 15 mg.

Plug these values into the formula: (15 mg / 10 mg) x 1 tablet = 1.5 tablets.

However, since the instructions say to round to the nearest tenth for adult clients, the final answer is 1.5 tablets.


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Question 8:

What is the normal value (NV) for sodium in the blood.

Answer and Explanation

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Question 9:

What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely ill patients?

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Question 10:

What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?

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