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Hesi Rn d446 adult care 0A1: med surg. (wgu)

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Total Questions : 59

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Question 1:

Two hours before a client's scheduled surgery, the nurse is completing the preoperative checklist. Which information requires immediate action by the nurse?

Reference Range:

  • Potassium (3.5 to 5 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mmol/L)]
Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 2:

A 24-year-old female client presents to emergency department (ED) with reports of abdominal pain. The client reports that she was vacuuming her home approximately 1 hour prior to arrival when she had a sudden onset of abdominal pain. She also reports nausea and vomiting. The client has a prior medical history of anxiety and constipation. The client has regular bowel movements every day. Her last bowel movement was this morning. The stool was soft and formed. There are no known diagnosed allergies. Her last menstrual period was reported to be 1 week ago. She is not currently sexually active. Her last partner was two years ago.

Day 1, 0930

The client arrives at the emergency department (ED) with reports of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Neurological: Alert and oriented. Reports she feels anxious.

Cardiovascular: Tachycardic. Normal heart tones. Radial and pedal pulses 2+. Capillary refill 2 seconds.

Respiratory: Tachypneic and shallow breathing. Clear breath sounds bilaterally.

Gastrointestinal: Severe abdominal pain in right lower quadrant. Reports nausea, vomiting small amounts of green bile.

Genitourinary: Within normal limits (WNL). Denies burning with urination.

Musculoskeletal: WNL

Pain: Severe abdominal pain in right lower quadrant to the right of the umbilicus. Started approximately 1 hour ago.

Day 1, 1000:

The healthcare provider (HCP) evaluates the client. Severe abdominal pain is noted in right lower quadrant between the iliac crest and the umbilicus.

Day 1, 1015:

A peripheral IV (PIV) is placed in the left forearm. Laboratory samples are collected. An IV fluid bolus is started. Medications are administered for pain and nausea.

Day 1,0930

Vital signs

  • Temperature: 100.8° F (38.2° C), orally
  • Heart rate: 121 beats/minute
  • Respirations: 28 breaths/minute
  • Blood pressure: 115/76 mm Hg
  • Oxygen saturation: 95% on room air

Day 1, 1100

Laboratory Test

Result

Reference Range

White blood cells

16,000/mm3 (16.0 x 10L)

5,000 to 10,000/mm3 (5.0 to 10.0 10/L)

Hemoglobin

15 g/dL (150 g/L)

12 to 16 g/dl. (120 to 160 g/L)

Hematocrit

40% (0.40 volume fraction)

37% to 47% (0.37 to 0.47 volume fraction)

Platelets

240,000/mm3 (240 x 10L)

150,000 to 400,000/mm3 (150 to 400 x 10 L)

Sodium

140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L)

136 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L)

Potassium

4.0 mEq/L (4.0 mmol/L)

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.0mmol/L)

Chloride

110 mEq/L (110 mmol/L)

 98 to 106 mEq/L (98 to 106mmol/L)

Carbon dioxide

22 mEq/L (22 mmol/L)

23 to 30 mEq/L (23 to 30 mmol/L)

Blood urea nitrogen

11.76 mg/dl (4.2 mmol/L)

10 to 20 mg/dL (3.6 to 7.1 mmol/L)

Creatinine

1 mg/dL (88.4 μmol/L)

0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL (44 to 97 μmol/L)

Urine pregnancy test

Negative

Negative

 

Day 1, 1000

Complete blood count (CBC) and comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

Urine pregnancy test

Place peripheral IV (PIV) access device

Administer 1 liter of lactated Ringer's IV bolus

Administer ondansetron 4 mg IV STAT

Administer morphine 4 mg IV STAT

Computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen

Day 1, 1100

Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen: Dilated appendix 7 mm in diameter and fat stranding noted.

Patient Data

Exhibits

Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement(s) by selecting from the lists of options provided.

The nurse recognizes that the client has

as evidenced by and .

Answer and Explanation

Explanation

Rationale for Correct Choices:

• Appendicitis: The client presents with acute onset right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and elevated WBC, all classic signs of appendicitis. The CT scan confirms a dilated appendix with fat stranding, which is a definitive diagnostic finding.

• Computed tomography (CT) scan results: Imaging confirms the diagnosis by showing a 7 mm dilated appendix with fat stranding, which directly identifies appendiceal inflammation.

• White blood cell count (WBC): The elevated WBC of 16,000/mm³ indicates an inflammatory or infectious process, supporting the diagnosis of appendicitis.

Rationale for Incorrect Choices:

• Cholecystitis: Typically presents with right upper quadrant pain, often radiating to the shoulder, and may be associated with jaundice. This client’s pain is localized to the right lower quadrant, making cholecystitis unlikely.

• Gastroenteritis: Usually causes diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhea, and generalized cramping. The patient has localized right lower quadrant pain and no diarrhea, so gastroenteritis is less likely.

• Fever: While the client does have a low-grade fever (100.8°F), this is a non-specific symptom that can be present in a variety of conditions, including gastroenteritis and cholecystitis. It is not as specific or as definitive as the CT scan or the WBC count.

• Nausea and vomiting: These are common but nonspecific symptoms present in many gastrointestinal conditions and cannot solely confirm appendicitis.

• Constipation: The client reports normal bowel movements; constipation is not present and does not support the diagnosis of appendicitis.


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Question 3:

A client with cholelithiasis is admitted with jaundice due to obstruction of the common bile duct. Which finding is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 4:

An older adult client who experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has difficulty with visual perception and eats only half of the food on the meal tray. The client's family expresses concern about the client's nutritional status. How should the nurse respond to the family's concern?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 5:

The nurse is obtaining the admission history for a client with suspected peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which subjective data reported by the client supports this medical diagnosis?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 6:

A male client who had abdominal surgery 5 days ago, and hospitalized because of a surgical wound infection, tells the nurse that he feels like his insides just spilled out when he coughed. Which action should the nurse take first?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 7:

Which client has the highest risk for developing skin cancer?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 8:

A client with a gram positive bacterial skin infection is receiving daptomycin 500 mg IV every 24 hours. The pharmacy delivers a secondary infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride with daptomycin 500 mg/100 mL to be infused in 30 minutes. How many mL/hour should the nurse program the infusion pump? (Enter the numerical value only.)

Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: "200" mL/hr

Explanation

Calculation:

Total volume to infuse = 100 mL.

Infusion time = 30 minutes

= 30 minutes / 60 minutes/hour

= 0.5 hours.

  • Calculate the infusion rate in milliliters per hour (mL/hr).

Infusion rate (mL/hr) = Total volume (mL) / Total time (hr)

= 100 mL / 0.5 hr

= 200 mL/hr.


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Question 9:

A client tells the clinic nurse about experiencing burning on urination, and assessment reveals that the client had sexual intercourse four days ago with a person who was a casual acquaintance. Which action should the nurse implement?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 10:

When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the dietary teaching?

Answer and Explanation

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