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Cryoprecipitates:Cryoprecipitate is rich in clotting factors like factor VIII and fibrinogen. It is used primarily for bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), not for volume resuscitation in hypovolemic shock.

Albumin:Albumin is a plasma volume expander and can help in increasing oncotic pressure, but it is not the first-line blood product for hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock because it does not replace red blood cells or oxygen-carrying capacity.

Platelets:Platelets are administered in cases of thrombocytopenia or active bleeding due to low platelet count. They are not used to treat hypovolemia unless there is associated platelet deficiency.

Pleural effusion:Pleural effusion is fluid accumulation in the pleural space and is not a typical finding in ARDS. It may occur secondarily, but it is not the hallmark radiographic feature.

Consolidation of the upper lobes only:ARDS affects both lungs diffusely and is not limited to any specific lobe. Upper lobe consolidation may indicate other conditions like tuberculosis or pneumonia.

Honeycombing pattern:Honeycombing is typically seen in chronic interstitial lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, not ARDS.

Isolation of the client:Rabies is not spread via casual contact between humans, and isolation is not necessary unless the client is actively symptomatic and at risk of biting. Transmission between humans is extremely rare.

Monitoring the client for fever and headache:While monitoring for signs of infection is important, it is not a priority in the immediate management of rabies exposure. Prophylaxis must begin before symptoms appear.

Providing supportive care only:Supportive care alone is not sufficient. Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms develop, so pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis is critical.

Pink frothy sputum:This is more characteristic of pulmonary edema due to left-sided heart failure, not specifically ARDS.

Hypoglycemia:Hypoglycemia is not a typical symptom of ARDS. It might occur due to other metabolic issues or sepsis, but it is not diagnostic.

Hypercapnia:While CO₂ retention can occur in late stages, ARDS is primarily marked by oxygenation failure, not ventilatory failure initially.

Focus solely on treating existing organ dysfunctions once MODS develops:While treating organ dysfunction is necessary, prevention is key. Once MODS sets in, prognosis worsens significantly.

Muscle weakness:This is a symptom, not a goal of management. It is common in critically ill patients but not the focus here.

Delay treatment interventions until organ failure is confirmed for accurate diagnosis:Delaying treatment leads to worsening of SIRS and a higher risk of MODS. Early intervention is critical.

Determining Tetanus status:Important, but part of the secondary survey, not the primary.

Social determinants of health:Relevant in long-term care planning, but not urgent in the initial emergency assessment.

Documenting allergies:Also part of the secondary survey (SAMPLE history) unless anaphylaxis is suspected.

Supine:Lying flat can worsen ventilation/perfusion mismatch in ARDS, especially in dependent lung regions.

Trendelenburg:This position (head down) increases risk of aspiration and is not helpful in improving oxygenation in ARDS.

Sim’s:This is a recovery position, useful in unconscious patients to prevent aspiration, but not indicated for ARDS.

MODS can be diagnosed when one organ system fails for more than 24 hours:This describes single organ failure, not MODS.

MODS is the sequential failure of organ systems in a healthy individual:MODS develops in critically ill patients, not healthy individuals, typically due to an overwhelming insult like infection or trauma.

MODS is the failure of a single organ system due to chronic illness:Chronic organ failure is not MODS. MODS is acute and involves multiple organs.

Decreased respiratory rate:In anaphylactic shock, respiratory rate is typically increased due to bronchoconstriction and airway compromise, not decreased.

High blood pressure:Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation and capillary leakage, leading to hypotension, not hypertension.

Elevated body temperature:Fever is not a hallmark of anaphylaxis. Elevated temperature is more common in infections or inflammatory responses.