Review Pathophysiology (Samuel merit university)

Exam Review

Pathophysiology (Samuel merit university)

Share This Link

Share on social media

Facebook

Messager

WhatsApp

Share URL
Copy

We are excited to announce the release of a NEW VERSION OF THE SYSTEM! To benefit from the latest features, improvements, and component updates, please switch to the new system as soon as possible.

Visit Latest Version

Total Questions : 45

Showing 10 questions, Sign in for more

Question 1:

Which inheritance pattern requires only one mutated gene to cause a disorder?

A. X-linked recessive B. Mitochondrial C. Autosomal recessive D. Autosomal dominant

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

X-linked recessive: Requires two mutated genes in females or one in males (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy).

Choice B:

X-linked recessive: Requires two mutated genes in females or one in males (e.g., hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy).

Choice C:

Autosomal recessive: Requires two copies of a mutated gene (one from each parent) to cause disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia).

Choice D:

Autosomal dominant: A single copy of a mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause a disorder. Examples include Huntington’s disease and Marfan syndrome.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 2:

Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by tall stature, long limbs, and cardiovascular complications such as aortic aneurysm?

A. Achondroplasia B. Marfan Syndrome C. Cystic Fibrosis D. Huntington's Disease

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Achondroplasia: Causes short stature due to impaired bone growth.

Choice B:

Marfan Syndrome: An autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder associated with tall stature, long limbs, and aortic aneurysm risk.

Choice C:

Cystic Fibrosis: Affects the lungs and pancreas but does not cause tall stature or cardiovascular issues.

Choice D:

Huntington’s Disease: Affects the nervous system, causing movement disorders, not tall stature.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 3:

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect in a patient with hypocalcemia?

A. Lethargy B. Hypertension C. Bone Pain D. Positive Chvostek's Sign E. Constipation

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Lethargy: More common in hypercalcemia.

Choice B:

Hypertension: Hypocalcemia is more likely to cause hypotension due to reduced contractility.

Choice C:

Bone Pain: More common in hypercalcemia due to bone resorption.

Choice D:

Positive Chvostek’s Sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.

Choice E:

Constipation: Hypocalcemia is associated with diarrhea, not constipation.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 4:

The nurse is educating a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary modifications. Which foods should the patient avoid? (Select all that apply.)

A. White Rice B. Baked Salmon C. Spinach D. Apples E. Bananas

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

White Rice: Low in potassium and phosphorus, making it a safe choice.

Choice B:

Baked Salmon: High in phosphorus, which should be limited in CKD.

Choice C:

Spinach: High in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stones.

Choice D:

Apples: Low in potassium and safe for CKD patients.

Choice E:

Bananas: High in potassium, which can cause dangerous levels in CKD.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 5:

What is the observable characteristic of an individual known as?

A. Phenotype B. Chromosome C. Genotype D. Allele

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Phenotype: Represents observable traits such as height, eye color, and blood type.

Choice B:

Chromosome: Structure carrying genetic information, not a trait.

Choice C:

Genotype: The genetic makeup, not the observable characteristics.

Choice D:

Allele: Different versions of a gene, but not the overall appearance.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 6:

Which diuretic is most appropriate for treating a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A. Hydrochlorothiazide B. Spironolactone C. Furosemide D. Mannitol

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic used for hypertension, not ICP.

Choice B:

Spironolactone: A potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure, not ICP.

Choice C:

Furosemide: A loop diuretic that reduces fluid overload but is not the first choice for ICP management.

Choice D:

Mannitol: An osmotic diuretic that reduces brain swelling by drawing fluid out of the brain and into the bloodstream.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 7:

Place the following symptoms under the correct category: Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism.

A. Heat Intolerance B. Exophthalmos C. Tremors D. Bradycardia E. Weight Gain F. Dry Coarse Skin

Answer and Explanation

Explanation

Hyperthyroidism:

Heat Intolerance: Increased metabolism leads to excessive heat production.
Exophthalmos: Protrusion of the eyes due to autoimmune effects in conditions like Graves’ disease.
Tremors: Overstimulation of the nervous system causes fine hand tremors.

Hypothyroidism:

Bradycardia: Reduced thyroid hormone slows metabolism and heart rate.
Weight Gain: Decreased metabolism leads to fat accumulation.
Dry Coarse Skin: Reduced metabolism causes decreased sweat and oil production, leading to dry skin.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 8:

A patient with urolithiasis is admitted with severe flank pain and hematuria. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

A. Obtain a urine specimen B. Administer prescribed analgesics C. Encourage oral fluids D. Prepare the patient for surgery

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Obtain a urine specimen: Important for diagnosis but not the priority over pain management.

Choice B:

Administer prescribed analgesics: Pain relief is the priority in acute urolithiasis, as renal colic is excruciating.

Choice C:

Encourage oral fluids: Helps prevent further stone formation but is secondary to pain relief.

Choice D:

Prepare the patient for surgery: Surgery is only indicated for large, obstructing stones, not a first-line intervention.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 9:

Which finding is most concerning in a patient receiving spironolactone?

A. Magnesium is 2.0 mEq/L B. Sodium Level is 136 mEq/L C. Calcium is 10.1 mEq/L D. Potassium Level is 6.1mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Magnesium is 2.0 mEq/L: Normal range (1.5-2.5 mEq/L), not concerning.

Choice B:

Sodium Level is 136 mEq/L: Normal range (135-145 mEq/L), no immediate risk.

Choice C:

Calcium is 10.1 mEq/L: Normal range (8.5-10.5 mEq/L), not a concern.

Choice D:

Potassium Level is 6.1 mEq/L: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Question 10:

Match the following conditions to the associated primary electrolyte imbalance:

A. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) B. Addison's Disease C. Hypoparathyroidism D. Diabetes Insipidus E. Hyperparathyroidism

Answer and Explanation

Explanation

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) → Hyponatremia

Excess ADH leads to water retention, diluting sodium levels.

Addison’s Disease → Hyperkalemia

Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone, causing potassium retention.

Hypoparathyroidism → Hypocalcemia

Lack of parathyroid hormone reduces calcium levels.

Diabetes Insipidus → Hypernatremia

Excessive water loss leads to sodium concentration increase.

Hyperparathyroidism → Hypercalcemia

Excess parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones.

Discussion Section

Posting as Anonymous or Login Here

0 Pulse Checks

No comments

Sign Up or Login to view all the 45 Questions on this Exam

Join over 100,000+ nursing students using Naxlex’s science-backend flashcards, practice tests and expert solutions to improve their grades and reach their goals.

Exam Review

Pathophysiology (Samuel merit university) Share this Share This Link Share on social media Facebook Messager WhatsApp Share URL Copy Close

Total Questions : 45

Sign Up or Login to view all the 45 Questions on this Exam

Pathophysiology (Samuel merit university)

Share This Link

Share on social media

Facebook

Messager

WhatsApp

Share URL
Copy