A. Documenting at the end of the shift can lead to inaccuracies due to the delay, potentially causing errors if other staff need up-to-date information. It also increases the risk of forgetting details of the administration, compromising patient safety.
B. Documenting before administering the medications can lead to discrepancies if the medications are not given as planned. This practice could result in serious errors if the patient refuses the medication or if changes occur that affect administration.
C. Documenting immediately ensures that the record is accurate and reflects the current status of the patient’s medication regimen. It also allows other healthcare providers to see up-to-date information, which is crucial for ongoing patient care and safety.
D. Delaying documentation until a convenient time can lead to incomplete or forgotten details, increasing the risk of medication errors. Timely documentation is essential to maintain an accurate and reliable medical record.

A. Method is not one of the recognized 10 rights of safe medication administration. It is important to follow the correct method, but it is encompassed by the rights such as the right route and right time.
B. Unit is not part of the 10 rights of safe medication administration. Accurate dosage units are critical but are covered under the right dose and right medication.
C. The right medication ensures that the patient receives the correct drug, reducing the risk of adverse effects and therapeutic failures. Verifying the right medication is fundamental to safe medication administration practices.
D. The right evaluation involves monitoring the patient’s response to the medication to ensure it is effective and safe. This step helps in identifying any adverse reactions or the need for dosage adjustments.
E. The right assessment involves evaluating the patient’s condition before administering medication to determine if it is appropriate. It ensures that the medication is given safely, considering the patient’s current health status.
F. The right to client education involves informing the patient about the medication they are receiving, including its purpose, potential side effects, and any special instructions. Educating the patient promotes adherence and helps in the early identification of adverse effects.

A. 1 pint is actually approximately 473 mL, not 960 mL, making this conversion incorrect. Providing accurate conversion information is essential for ensuring proper medication dosing and patient safety.
B. 1 teaspoon (tsp) is equal to 5 mL, not 10 mL. Incorrect conversions can lead to dosing errors, potentially resulting in underdosing or overdosing.
C. 2 tablespoons (Tbsp) is actually equal to 30 mL, not 15 mL. Accurate conversions are crucial for patient safety, particularly in pediatric and elderly populations where precise dosing is critical.
D. 1 cup is correctly equal to 240 mL, making this conversion accurate. Correct conversions ensure that patients receive the appropriate volume of medication or fluid.

A. While itching and hives can be signs of a mild allergic reaction, difficulty breathing and low blood pressure indicate a more severe issue. Treating a severe reaction as mild can delay necessary emergency interventions, potentially leading to life-threatening consequences.
B. The symptoms described, including difficulty breathing and hypotension, suggest a severe, not moderate, allergic reaction. This misjudgment can result in insufficient treatment and delay life-saving measures.
C. Anaphylactic reactions are characterized by symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure, requiring immediate emergency treatment. Prompt recognition and intervention are critical to prevent severe complications or death.
D. Food poisoning typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms rather than respiratory distress and hypotension. Misdiagnosing an anaphylactic reaction as food poisoning can prevent timely administration of appropriate treatments like epinephrine.

A. This right involves informing the patient about participation in research, not relevant to the patient's refusal of the medication. It is important but does not apply to the patient's immediate concern about the medication's side effect.
B. Patients have the right to refuse any medication, regardless of potential consequences, and this right must be respected. Respecting this right involves acknowledging the patient’s autonomy and addressing their concerns.
C. This right involves educating the patient about their medications, which may help them make informed decisions about their treatment. While important, it is not directly related to the patient's immediate refusal of the medication.
D. This right ensures that patients are not given medications that are not clinically indicated. It is important for preventing overmedication but is not directly related to the patient's refusal of the medication due to side effects.

A. This statement describes the current situation, which is part of the "S" (Situation) in SBAR, not the background. Accurate reporting requires separating current findings from background information.
B. Providing the client's history of hypertension is appropriate for the "B" (Background) component. It gives context to the current situation, helping the provider understand potential underlying conditions.
C. This information describes the patient's current assessment and is appropriate for the "A" (Assessment) part of SBAR. Including this in the background can cause confusion and disrupt the communication flow.
D. This statement provides a recommendation and fits into the "R. (Recommendation) part of SBAR. Mixing recommendation with background information can make the communication less clear.

Leaving medication at the client's bedside is unsafe as it can lead to medication errors, missed doses, or accidental ingestion.
B. Coming back in a few minutes to administer the medication respects the client’s therapy schedule and ensures the nurse can directly observe the client taking the medication, ensuring proper administration and adherence.
C. Preparing the medication in the medication room ahead of time can be efficient but doesn’t address the need to personally administer the medication and confirm the client takes it.
D. Documenting the medication was given without actually administering it is unethical and against best practices as it assumes the client will take the medication without verification.

Intramuscular administration provides relatively quick absorption but is slower than intravenous.
B. Enteral (oral) administration has the slowest absorption rate due to the process of digestion and first-pass metabolism in the liver.
C. Intravenous administration delivers the medication directly into the bloodstream, resulting in the fastest absorption and onset of action.
D. Topical administration is typically used for localized treatment and has a slower absorption rate compared to intravenous.

A. Checking the pulse rate for 30 seconds and multiplying by 2 may not be accurate enough for a medication like digoxin, which requires precise monitoring.
B. Increasing sodium intake is not recommended for heart failure patients as it can worsen fluid retention and exacerbate symptoms.
C. Digoxin can cause bradycardia; therefore, it is crucial for clients to monitor their heart rate and contact their healthcare provider if it falls below 60/min to avoid adverse effects.
D. Taking digoxin with food can help with nausea but is not as critical as monitoring heart rate for potential toxicity.

A. Giving a report outside the client’s room might miss out on involving the patient in their care and ensuring privacy.
B. Bedside reporting allows for direct observation of the patient, involvement in care planning, and verification of information, which can improve safety and communication.
C. A conference area might be suitable but does not allow for the direct involvement of the patient and immediate clarification of concerns.
D. The nurse’s lounge is not an appropriate place for handoff reports as it can be noisy and lacks direct patient involvement.