Choice A Reason:

A child whose parents answer questions for the child may be a potential victim of abuse. This behavior can indicate that the parents are controlling the child's interactions and possibly hiding signs of abuse. Children who are victims of abuse often have their autonomy and voice suppressed by their abusers. This suppression can manifest in parents answering questions on behalf of the child to prevent the child from disclosing any information about the abuse. Additionally, this behavior can be a red flag for healthcare providers to investigate further and ensure the child's safety.

Choice B Reason:

A child who has frequent visitors is less likely to be a victim of abuse. Frequent visitors can indicate that the child has a strong support system and is socially active. Abusers often isolate their victims to maintain control and prevent them from seeking help. Therefore, a child with many visitors is less likely to be isolated and more likely to have opportunities to disclose any abuse if it were occurring.

Choice C Reason:

A child who has a BMI indicating obesity is not necessarily a potential victim of abuse. While obesity can be a concern for a child's health, it is not directly linked to abuse. Obesity can result from various factors, including genetics, diet, and lifestyle. It is important to address obesity from a health perspective, but it should not be immediately associated with abuse without other supporting evidence.

Choice D Reason:

A child who uses the call light frequently may be seeking attention or assistance, but this behavior alone does not indicate abuse. Frequent use of the call light can be due to various reasons, such as anxiety, discomfort, or a need for reassurance. While it is important to address the child's needs and understand the underlying reasons for their behavior, it does not specifically point to abuse.

Choice A Reason:

Meeting his daughter for dinner every week indicates that the client is maintaining social connections and engaging in regular activities. This behavior is generally considered healthy and adaptive, as it shows the client is seeking support and companionship, which are important aspects of coping with grief.

Choice B Reason:

Joining a bowling league 2 months ago suggests that the client is actively participating in social and recreational activities. This is a positive sign of adaptation and indicates that the client is finding ways to engage with others and enjoy life, which can be beneficial for mental health and well-being.

Choice C Reason:

Exercising at a local health facility 3 days each week demonstrates that the client is taking care of his physical health. Regular exercise is known to have numerous benefits, including reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, improving mood, and enhancing overall well-being. This behavior is indicative of adaptive coping mechanisms.

Choice D Reason:

Keeping his partner's closet untouched since her death is a sign of maladaptive grief. This behavior suggests that the client is unable to move forward and is holding on to the past in a way that interferes with his ability to adapt to the loss. Maladaptive grief can manifest as an inability to accept the loss, persistent yearning for the deceased, and difficulty engaging in life without the deceased.

Choice A Reason:

The comment "I haven't gotten my period yet, and all my friends have theirs" reflects a common concern among adolescents regarding physical development and peer comparison. While this can cause anxiety, it is generally a normal part of adolescent development. The nurse can reassure the adolescent that the timing of puberty varies widely and that it is normal to develop at a different pace than peers.

Choice B Reason:

The concern about a pimple on the face, "There's a big pimple on my face, and I worry that everyone will notice it," is typical of adolescent worries about appearance and self-esteem. While it is important to address these concerns and provide support, it is not as urgent as addressing potential social isolation or mental health issues.

Choice C Reason:

The statement "My parents treat me like a baby sometimes" indicates a common struggle for independence among adolescents. This issue can be addressed through family counseling and communication strategies to help the adolescent and parents navigate this developmental stage. However, it does not indicate an immediate risk to the adolescent's well-being.

Choice D Reason:

The comment "None of the kids at this school like me, and I don't like them either" is the most concerning and should be the nurse's priority. This statement suggests social isolation and potential feelings of depression or low self-esteem. Social isolation can have significant negative impacts on an adolescent's mental health and development. It is crucial for the nurse to explore this further, provide support, and possibly refer the adolescent to a mental health professional.

Choice A Reason:

The statement "I have heard that abusers try to keep their partner isolated from others" is accurate. Abusers often isolate their victims to maintain control and prevent them from seeking help or support. This isolation can be physical, emotional, or social, and it is a common tactic used by abusers to exert power over their partners.

Choice B Reason:

The statement "I know that men who are abusers gain power through intimidation" is also correct. Abusers often use intimidation, threats, and fear to control their victims. This can include verbal threats, physical violence, and other forms of coercion. Intimidation is a key component of the power and control dynamics in abusive relationships.

Choice C Reason:

The statement "I have heard that abusers think of themselves as important and have high self-esteem" is incorrect and indicates a need for clarification. Research shows that many abusers actually have low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy. They often use abusive behavior to compensate for their own insecurities and to feel a sense of power and control. Abusers may appear confident and self-assured, but this is often a facade to mask their underlying insecurities.

Choice D Reason:

The statement "I know that abusers lack social supports and social skills" is accurate. Many abusers have poor social skills and lack supportive relationships. This can contribute to their abusive behavior, as they may struggle with communication, conflict resolution, and forming healthy relationships. The lack of social support can also exacerbate feelings of isolation and frustration, leading to abusive behavior.

Choice A Reason:

The response "Your provider is very knowledgeable. If he prescribes chemotherapy, it's the best treatment for you" is authoritative and dismissive of the client's concerns. While it is important to trust medical professionals, this response does not address the client's feelings or provide an opportunity for open dialogue. It may make the client feel unheard and less likely to share their concerns in the future.

Choice B Reason:

The statement "Using nontraditional treatments is not a good idea. I'd rather you avoid that route" is also dismissive and does not foster a supportive environment. It outright rejects the client's interest in nontraditional treatments without exploring their reasons or providing education on the potential risks and benefits. This approach can lead to a breakdown in communication and trust between the nurse and the client.

Choice C Reason:

The response "Tell me more about your concerns about taking chemotherapy" is the most appropriate. It opens up a dialogue and allows the client to express their fears and concerns. This approach shows empathy and a willingness to understand the client's perspective. It also provides an opportunity for the nurse to educate the client about chemotherapy and address any misconceptions they may have. Engaging in a respectful and informative conversation can help the client make an informed decision about their treatment options.

Choice D Reason:

The statement "A lot of people think nontraditional treatments will work, and they find out too late that they made the wrong choice" is fear-inducing and dismissive. It does not respect the client's autonomy or provide a balanced view of nontraditional treatments. Instead, it uses scare tactics, which can further alienate the client and reduce their trust in the healthcare provider.

Choice A Reason:

The statement "You are feeling very depressed. I felt the same way when I decided to leave my husband" is non-therapeutic because it shifts the focus from the client to the nurse. This response demonstrates sympathy rather than empathy. Sympathy involves sharing one's own experiences and feelings, which can make the client feel unheard and invalidated. The nurse's role is to provide support and understanding without making the conversation about themselves.

Choice B Reason:

The statement "I can understand you are feeling depressed. It was a difficult decision. I'll sit with you" is more therapeutic. It acknowledges the client's feelings and offers support without shifting the focus to the nurse. This response shows empathy by validating the client's emotions and providing a comforting presence.

Choice C Reason:

The statement "You seem depressed. It was a difficult decision to make. Would you like to talk about it?" is therapeutic as it recognizes the client's feelings and invites them to express their thoughts and emotions. This approach encourages open communication and helps the client feel understood and supported.

Choice D Reason:

The statement "I know this is a difficult time for you. Would you like medication for anxiety?" is also therapeutic. It acknowledges the client's emotional state and offers a practical solution to help manage their anxiety. This response shows empathy and provides an option for addressing the client's immediate needs.

Choice A Reason:

Having the client join a therapy group immediately after admission is not the most therapeutic action for someone experiencing panic-level anxiety. Group settings can be overwhelming and may exacerbate the client's anxiety. It is important to first stabilize the client's anxiety before introducing them to group therapy.

Choice B Reason:

Remaining with the client in his room for a while is the most therapeutic action. This approach provides a calming presence and helps the client feel safe and supported. It allows the nurse to assess the client's anxiety level and offer immediate reassurance. Being present with the client can help reduce feelings of isolation and panic, creating a more stable environment for the client to begin to calm down.

Choice C Reason:

Suggesting that the client rest in bed may not be effective for someone with panic-level anxiety. While rest is important, the client may be too anxious to relax or sleep. Without addressing the immediate anxiety, simply suggesting rest may not provide the necessary support the client needs at that moment.

Choice D Reason:

Medicating the client with a sedative should be considered only after other non-pharmacological interventions have been attempted. While sedatives can help reduce anxiety, they should not be the first line of action. It is important to try to calm the client through therapeutic presence and reassurance before resorting to medication.

Choice A Reason:

Encouraging client input in the treatment plan is important for fostering a sense of autonomy and engagement in their care. However, it is not the highest priority when dealing with a client who has histrionic personality disorder. Clients with this disorder often exhibit dramatic and attention-seeking behaviors, which can interfere with their ability to participate effectively in treatment planning.

Choice B Reason:

Communicating with the client using concrete language is the highest priority. Clients with histrionic personality disorder may have difficulty with abstract thinking and may misinterpret vague or ambiguous statements. Using clear, concrete language helps ensure that the client understands the information being conveyed, which is crucial for effective communication and treatment adherence.

Choice C Reason:

Demonstrating assertive behavior is beneficial in managing clients with histrionic personality disorder, as it sets clear boundaries and models appropriate interpersonal interactions. However, it is not the highest priority compared to ensuring clear communication through concrete language.

Choice D Reason:

Promoting appropriate behavior during group therapy sessions is also important, as clients with histrionic personality disorder may exhibit disruptive behaviors in group settings. While this is a significant aspect of their care, it is secondary to the need for clear and concrete communication to ensure the client understands and adheres to their treatment plan.

Choice A Reason:

Marital skew refers to a situation where one partner in a marriage dominates the relationship, leading to an imbalance of power. This concept is not directly related to Bowen's theory of functional family interaction patterns. Instead, it is more associated with family dynamics that can lead to dysfunction rather than functionality.

Choice B Reason:

Sibling position is a concept within Bowen's family systems theory that suggests the order in which children are born in a family can influence their roles and behaviors within the family system. Bowen believed that understanding sibling positions can help in predicting certain family dynamics and interactions. For example, first-born children might take on more leadership roles, while later-born children might be more rebellious or independent. Recognizing these patterns can help in understanding and improving family interactions.

Choice C Reason:

Double-bind communication refers to a situation where a person receives two or more conflicting messages, with one message negating the other. This can create confusion and stress, as the person cannot resolve the contradiction. While this concept is important in understanding dysfunctional communication patterns, it is not a concept of functional family interaction in Bowen's theory.

Choice D Reason:

Pseudomutuality is a term used to describe a family dynamic where there is a false appearance of harmony and mutual understanding. This facade hides underlying conflicts and issues that are not addressed. Pseudomutuality is indicative of dysfunction rather than a functional family interaction pattern according to Bowen's theory.

Choice A Reason:

The statement "Your provider has explained the causes of schizophrenia. Why do you feel guilty about your daughter's diagnosis?" is not the most appropriate response. While it acknowledges the parents' feelings, it can come across as dismissive and may make the parents feel defensive. It does not provide a supportive environment for them to express their emotions and concerns.

Choice B Reason:

The statement "You said that you feel guilty about your daughter's diagnosis. Let's talk about what is causing you to feel this way." is the most appropriate response. It acknowledges the parents' feelings and invites them to share their thoughts and emotions. This approach fosters open communication and provides an opportunity for the nurse to offer support and reassurance. It helps the parents feel heard and understood, which is crucial in addressing their feelings of guilt.

Choice C Reason:

The statement "You should not feel guilty about your daughter's diagnosis. Schizophrenia is unpreventable." is factual but not therapeutic. It dismisses the parents' feelings of guilt without addressing the underlying emotions. While it is important to provide accurate information, it is equally important to validate the parents' feelings and offer emotional support.

Choice D Reason:

The statement "I'm sure your daughter's diagnosis is very difficult to deal with, but everything will be all right once she receives the proper treatment." is well-intentioned but overly reassuring. It may come across as minimizing the parents' concerns and does not provide an opportunity for them to express their feelings. It is important to balance reassurance with empathy and active listening.