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LPN Med Surg Endocrine Exam
ATI LPN Med Surg Endocrine Exam
Total Questions : 49
Showing 10 questions Sign up for moreA nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing long-term complications of retinopathy and neuropathy with an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions is the most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?
Explanation
A. Wearing closed-toed shoes daily is important for foot protection but does not address the root cause of diabetic complications.
B. Annual eye examinations are essential, but they are part of a broader strategy for monitoring and preventing complications rather than the most critical preventive measure.
C. Examining feet daily can help detect injuries or complications early, but it does not prevent the underlying issues associated with diabetes.
D. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is the most important action because it directly impacts the risk of developing complications such as retinopathy and neuropathy. Good glycemic control helps prevent the progression of these conditions.
A nurse is collecting data on a client who has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to report?
Explanation
A. Weight gain is typically associated with hypothyroidism; clients with hyperthyroidism often experience weight loss due to increased metabolism.
B. Frequent mood changes, including anxiety and irritability, are common in hyperthyroidism as a result of increased thyroid hormone levels affecting mood regulation.
C. Sensitivity to cold is associated with hypothyroidism; hyperthyroid clients usually have an increased sensitivity to heat.
D. Constipation is more characteristic of hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism often causes increased bowel movements or diarrhea.
A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Explanation
Volume (mL) = Desired dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
In this case:
- Desired dose = 40 mg
- Concentration = 5 mg/5 mL
Plugging the values into the formula:
- Volume = 40 mg / (5 mg/5 mL) = 40 mL
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). Which of the following serum laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be below the expected reference range?
Explanation
A. Glucose levels are not directly affected by hyperthyroidism and are typically within the normal range unless the client has diabetes or another condition.
B. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels are elevated in hyperthyroidism due to excessive thyroid hormone production.
C. Thyroxine (T4) levels are also elevated in hyperthyroidism.
D. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is suppressed in hyperthyroidism because the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones, causing a negative feedback loop that reduces TSH levels.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about exercise with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Explanation
A. Carrying a simple carbohydrate snack (not a complex one) is recommended during exercise to prevent hypoglycemia, but this is not the correct statement.
B. Exercising first thing in the morning before eating can cause hypoglycemia due to low glucose levels after fasting.
C. Injecting insulin into the thigh before running can increase absorption rates, leading to hypoglycemia. Rotating injection sites and avoiding muscle groups that will be heavily exercised is recommended.
D. Exercise should be avoided if ketones are present in the urine, as it can indicate inadequate insulin and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Which findings are expected when assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome?
Explanation
A. Cushing syndrome is characterized by central obesity (excess adipose tissue in the trunk), slender extremities, a moon-shaped face, and other features like a buffalo hump. This is due to prolonged exposure to elevated cortisol levels.
B. High levels of potassium and low levels of sodium are not associated with Cushing syndrome, which typically presents with hypokalemia and hypernatremia.
C. Wasting of the abdomen is not a feature of Cushing syndrome. The skin may become fragile, but it is not typically calloused.
D. Edema is not a primary feature; rather, fat redistribution to the trunk and face is more common.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?
Explanation
A. Vitamin D levels may be normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the expected range.
B. Calcium levels are expected to be low in hypoparathyroidism. A calcium level of 9.8 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL), which is not consistent with hypoparathyroidism.
C. Magnesium levels are often normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the normal range.
D. Hypoparathyroidism results in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. A phosphate level of 5.7 mg/dL is elevated, which is consistent with this condition.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the instructions?
Explanation
A. Soaking feet is not recommended for clients with diabetes as it can cause skin maceration and increase the risk of infection.
B. Wearing sandals exposes the feet to injury and is not recommended for clients with diabetes. Closed-toed shoes are better for protecting the feet.
C. Daily foot inspection for sores, cuts, or bruises is essential for clients with diabetes to prevent infections and complications like diabetic ulcers.
D. Lotion should not be applied between the toes because it can promote excess moisture and fungal infections.
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed 15 units of NPH insulin to be administered at 0700. At which of the following times of day is most appropriate for the nurse to plan to offer a snack?
Explanation
A. NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that peaks 6-8 hours after administration. Offering a snack at 1500 helps prevent hypoglycemia during the peak action of the insulin.
B. 0730 is too soon after the insulin administration, and the peak effect has not occurred yet.
C. 0900 is still early in the insulin's action, and hypoglycemia is unlikely at this time.
D. 1230 is during the early stages of NPH insulin's action, but hypoglycemia typically does not occur until the peak time later in the day.
A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and observes mild hand tremors. Which of the following snacks should the nurse offer the client after obtaining a glucometer reading of 60 mg/dL?
Explanation
A. Regular soda provides a fast-acting source of glucose, which is essential for quickly raising blood sugar levels in a hypoglycemic event.
B. While oral glucose tablets are a good option, they may not act as quickly as soda in this case, especially if not immediately available.
C. Milk contains lactose, which takes longer to convert into glucose and is not ideal for rapidly raising blood glucose levels.
D. Hard candy can work, but soda is often faster in delivering glucose.
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