A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the instructions?
“I put lotion between my toes.”
“I check my feet every day for sores and bruises.”
“I wear sandals in warm weather.”
“I soak my feet in warm, soapy water every night before I go to bed.”
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A: “I put lotion between my toes.” This is incorrect because putting lotion between the toes can create a moist environment that promotes fungal growth and infection. The client should apply lotion to the tops and botoms of the feet, but avoid the areas between the toes.
Choice B: “I check my feet every day for sores and bruises.” This is correct because checking the feet every day for any signs of injury, infection, or ulceration is an important part of foot care for a client who has diabetes mellitus. The client should also report any problems to the provider and seek prompt treatment.
Choice C: “I wear sandals in warm weather.” This is incorrect because wearing sandals can expose the feet to injury, sunburn, or insect bites. The client should wear closed-toe shoes that fit well and protect the feet from trauma and environmental hazards.
Choice D: “I soak my feet in warm, soapy water every night before I go to bed.” This is incorrect because soaking the feet can cause maceration of the skin and increase the risk of infection. The client should wash the feet with mild soap and warm water, but not soak them. The client should also dry the feet thoroughly, especially between the toes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A fruity odor in the breath is a symptom of hyperglycemia, especially when it is severe and causes ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis is a condition where the body produces ketones, which are acidic substances that result from the breakdown of fat for energy when there is not enough insulin or glucose available. Ketones can make the breath smell fruity or like nail polish remover.
Choice B reason: A decreased appetite is not a symptom of hyperglycemia. On the contrary, an increased appetite or hunger is a symptom of hyperglycemia, as the body tries to compensate for the lack of glucose in the cells by stimulating the hunger center in the brain.
Choice C reason: An increased thirst is a symptom of hyperglycemia, as the body tries to flush out the excess glucose and ketones in the blood through urine. This leads to dehydration and thirst signals in the brain.
Choice D reason: A blurry vision at times is a symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood glucose levels can cause swelling and damage to the lens of the eye, affecting its ability to focus light properly. This can lead to temporary or permanent vision problems.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL is an elevated value, as the normal range is 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL. Hypoparathyroidism causes low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. Low PTH leads to low calcium and high phosphorus levels in the blood.
Choice B reason: Vitamin D 25 ng/mL is a normal value, as the normal range is 20 to 50 ng/mL. Hypoparathyroidism does not directly affect vitamin D levels, but vitamin D supplements may be given to help increase calcium absorption and lower phosphorus levels in the blood.
Choice C reason: Calcium 9.8 mg/dL is a normal value, as the normal range is 8.6 to 10.2 mg/dL. Hypoparathyroidism causes low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. Low PTH leads to low calcium and high phosphorus levels in the blood. However, calcium levels may be normal or near- normal in some cases of hypoparathyroidism, especially if the condition is mild or well-controlled with treatment.
Choice D reason: Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L is a normal value, as the normal range is 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L. Hypoparathyroidism does not directly affect magnesium levels, but magnesium deficiency can cause or worsen hypoparathyroidism, as magnesium is needed for PTH secretion and action. Magnesium supplements may be given to correct magnesium deficiency and improve PTH function.
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