A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?

Ketoacidosis

Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Nephropathy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A: Ketoacidosis. This is incorrect because ketoacidosis is a complication of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Ketoacidosis occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy due to insufficient insulin, resulting in the accumulation of ketones and acids in the blood. Ketoacidosis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity breath odor, deep and rapid breathing, and altered mental status.

Choice B: Hyperglycemia. This is incorrect because hyperglycemia is a condition of high blood glucose, not low blood glucose. Hyperglycemia can occur due to insufficient insulin, excessive carbohydrate intake, infection, stress, or illness. Hyperglycemia can cause symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, fatigue, and headache.

Choice C: Hypoglycemia. This is correct because hypoglycemia is a condition of low blood glucose, which can occur due to excessive insulin, inadequate carbohydrate intake, exercise, alcohol consumption, or medication interactions. Hypoglycemia can cause symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, hunger, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, weakness, and seizures.

Choice D: Nephropathy. This is incorrect because nephropathy is a complication of chronic hyperglycemia, not acute hypoglycemia. Nephropathy is a kidney disease that results from damage to the small blood vessels and glomeruli in the kidneys due to high blood glucose levels. Nephropathy can cause symptoms such as proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and renal failure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Shock is not a cause of acute pancreatitis, but a possible complication of severe cases that can lead to organ failure and death.

Choice B reason: Gallstones are one of the major causes of acute pancreatitis, as they can block the pancreatic duct and prevent the ﬂow of digestive enzymes, leading to inﬂammation and damage of the pancreas.

Choice C reason: Diabetes mellitus is not a cause of acute pancreatitis, but a possible complication of chronic pancreatitis, as the damage to the pancreas can impair its ability to produce insulin and regulate blood sugar levels.

Choice D reason: GERD (gastroesophageal reﬂux disease) is not a cause of acute pancreatitis, but a condition that aﬀects the lower esophageal sphincter and allows stomach acid to reﬂux into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.

A. Maintain the client in Fowler’s position. B. Use sterile water to irrigate the nasogastric tube. C. Moisten the client’s lips with lemon-glycerin swabs. D. Measure abdominal girth daily.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: Maintain the client in Fowler’s position. This is correct because Fowler’s position, which is a semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees, can facilitate the drainage of gastric contents and reduce the risk of aspiration.

Choice B: Use sterile water to irrigate the nasogastric tube. This is incorrect because sterile water is not necessary to irrigate the nasogastric tube, unless the client is immunocompromised or has a high risk of infection. Tap water or normal saline can be used to irrigate the nasogastric tube, following the provider’s orders or the facility’s protocol.

Choice C: Moisten the client’s lips with lemon-glycerin swabs. This is incorrect because lemon-glycerin swabs can dry out and irritate the client’s lips and oral mucosa, especially if used frequently. The nurse should use water-soluble lubricant or lip balm to moisturize the client’s lips and mouth.

Choice D: Measure abdominal girth daily. This is incorrect because measuring abdominal girth daily is not enough to monitor the progression of the intestinal obstruction and the eﬀectiveness of the gastrointestinal decompression. The nurse should measure abdominal girth more frequently, such as every 4 hr or every shift, and report any changes or abnormalities.

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A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate in the client’s history?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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