A nurse is collecting data on a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate in the client’s history?

Shock

Gallstones

Diabetes mellitus

GERD

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Shock is not a cause of acute pancreatitis, but a possible complication of severe cases that can lead to organ failure and death.

Choice B reason: Gallstones are one of the major causes of acute pancreatitis, as they can block the pancreatic duct and prevent the ﬂow of digestive enzymes, leading to inﬂammation and damage of the pancreas.

Choice C reason: Diabetes mellitus is not a cause of acute pancreatitis, but a possible complication of chronic pancreatitis, as the damage to the pancreas can impair its ability to produce insulin and regulate blood sugar levels.

Choice D reason: GERD (gastroesophageal reﬂux disease) is not a cause of acute pancreatitis, but a condition that aﬀects the lower esophageal sphincter and allows stomach acid to reﬂux into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A: Place the client on his back. This is incorrect because the client should be placed in a sitting position with the head of the bed elevated to 30 to 45 degrees. This allows the ﬂuid to accumulate in the lower abdomen and reduces the risk of puncturing the diaphragm.

Choice B: Have the client increase ﬂuid intake after the procedure. This is also incorrect because the client should restrict ﬂuid intake after the procedure to prevent ﬂuid overload and electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should monitor the client’s intake and output, weight, and vital signs.

Choice C: Assure the client that the procedure is painless. This is not true because the client may experience some discomfort or pressure during the insertion of the needle or catheter. The nurse should administer analgesics as prescribed and provide emotional support.

Choice D: Instruct the client to empty his bladder. This is correct because this reduces the risk of bladder injury during the procedure. The nurse should also measure and record the amount of urine voided.

A. Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL B. Vitamin D 25 ng/mL C. Calcium 9.8 mg/dL D. Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL is an elevated value, as the normal range is 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL. Hypoparathyroidism causes low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. Low PTH leads to low calcium and high phosphorus levels in the blood.

Choice B reason: Vitamin D 25 ng/mL is a normal value, as the normal range is 20 to 50 ng/mL. Hypoparathyroidism does not directly aﬀect vitamin D levels, but vitamin D supplements may be given to help increase calcium absorption and lower phosphorus levels in the blood.

Choice C reason: Calcium 9.8 mg/dL is a normal value, as the normal range is 8.6 to 10.2 mg/dL. Hypoparathyroidism causes low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. Low PTH leads to low calcium and high phosphorus levels in the blood. However, calcium levels may be normal or near- normal in some cases of hypoparathyroidism, especially if the condition is mild or well-controlled with treatment.

Choice D reason: Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L is a normal value, as the normal range is 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L. Hypoparathyroidism does not directly aﬀect magnesium levels, but magnesium deficiency can cause or worsen hypoparathyroidism, as magnesium is needed for PTH secretion and action. Magnesium supplements may be given to correct magnesium deficiency and improve PTH function.

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate in the client’s history?

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