Review RN Medical Surgical Midterm Form A

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RN Medical Surgical Midterm Form A

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Total Questions : 89

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Question 1:

Nurse Timothy is administering medications to patients. Match each patient's symptoms to the most appropriate pharmacological intervention.

A. Daniel, 42: Thick mucous secretions B. Lucy, 16: Allergic Rhinitis with itching and sneezing C. Ella, 39: Fever and headache along with nasal congestion D. Jack, 54: Chronic Sinusitis

Answer and Explanation

No explanation

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Question 2:

Olivia, a 27-year-old patient, needs to undergo tests for suspected allergies. What methods are typically employed to identify allergens in Olivia's case? (Select all that apply.)

A. Cutaneous scratch test B. Consuming a watered-down antigen solution C. Subdermal injection of the allergen D. Applying eye drops containing the suspected antigen E. Utilizing adhesive skin patches

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This method involves scratching or pricking the skin with a small amount of the suspected allergen to observe any allergic reaction.

Choice B:

This method is not typically used for identifying allergens; it's more associated with oral challenges for diagnosing food allergies but is not recommended since it may cause severe anaphylaxis.

Choice C:

This method, known as intradermal testing, is less common than scratch tests and is typically used when scratch tests produce inconclusive results.

Choice D:

This method is not typically used for identifying allergens and can cause severe eye damage.

Choice E:

Patch testing involves applying patches containing allergens to the skin and observing for reactions. It's commonly used to identify contact allergens.

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Question 3:

Sarah, a 30-year-old with a family history of eczema, presents with a scaly, erythematous plaque on her right cheek. Blood tests reveal normal inflammatory markers. What should the nurse do?

A. Discuss the need for topical antibiotics. B. Prepare Sarah for a skin biopsy. C. Advise on the application of tretinoin. D. Teach her to use a corticosteroid cream.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

There's no indication of a bacterial infection, so antibiotics are not warranted.

Choice B:

A biopsy may be considered if the diagnosis is uncertain, but it's not the first-line action.

Choice C:

Tretinoin is typically used for conditions like acne or photoaging, not for eczematous lesions.

Choice D:

Corticosteroid creams are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema, making this the most appropriate action.

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Question 4:

Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.

A. Inflicting mechanical damage on the antigen B. Initiating the complement system C. Emitting chemicals that modify the antigen's environment D. Targeting the antigen's cellular nucleus E. Constructing molecular chains to remove the antigen

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Antibodies don't typically cause physical damage to antigens.

Choice B:

Antibodies can initiate the complement system, which is a cascade of proteins that can lyse or opsonize antigens.

Choice C:

Antibodies can also emit chemicals that modify the antigen's environment, such as cytokines or histamine, which can attract other immune cells or cause inflammation.

Choice D:

Antibodies typically target specific proteins or structures on the antigen's surface, not the cellular nucleus.

Choice E:

This action doesn't accurately describe the function of antibodies.

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Question 5:

Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough.Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

A. Filtration of air B. Reflex bronchoconstriction C. Alveolar macrophages D. Cough reflex E. Cough reflex

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This mechanism helps to remove particles and microorganisms from the air before they enter the lungs but is not primarily responsible for removing pathogens already present in the lungs.

Choice B:

Bronchoconstriction typically occurs in response to irritants or allergens and is not directly involved in removing pathogens.

Choice C:

While alveolar macrophages play a role in immune defense within the lungs, they are not the primary mechanism for removing pathogens causing pneumonia.

Choice D:

The cough reflex is the body's primary mechanism for expelling pathogens and debris from the respiratory tract, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

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Question 6:

Nurse Sarah is triaging patients in the ER. Match each presenting symptom to the condition it is most commonly associated with.

A. Patient 1: Reports sharp, stabbing chest pain B. Patient 2: Audible sucking sound from a chest wound C. Patient 3: Tracheal deviation noted during the assessment D. Patient 4: Crepitus palpable on the chest wall

Answer and Explanation

No explanation

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Question 7:

Nurse Andrew is reading the patient histories for four new cases. Match each patient's symptoms to the most likely upper respiratory disorder they are experiencing.

A. James, 32: Fever, chills, and sore throat along with nasal congestion B. Emily, 46: Pain over the cheeks and forehead, especially when palpated C. Oliver, 19: Nasal itchiness, watery eyes, and constant sneezing D. Sophia, 25: Yellowish-green nasal discharge, headache, and malaise

Answer and Explanation

No explanation

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Question 8:

John, a 50-year-old male, just underwent a Trabeculectomy by Traditional Surgery. His diagnostic results indicated high intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. In the past, - John had a history of allergies to antibiotics. What nursing action is crucial for John's care following the Trabeculectomy?

A. Arrange for a follow-up appointment with a cardiologist. B. Provide John with emotional support for his allergies. C. Monitor John's dressing for excessive bleeding. D. Administer antibiotics to prevent post-operative infection.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This action is not directly related to John's eye surgery.

Choice B:

Emotional support may be beneficial, but it's not the most crucial action post- Trabeculectomy.

Choice C:

This is crucial post-operative care to ensure proper wound healing and prevent complications such as hemorrhage.

Choice D:

While infection prevention is important, administering antibiotics specifically for John's past allergies without indication may not be appropriate.

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Question 9:

Sandra, a 48-year-old with a past medical history of recurrent tonsillitis and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2, presents to the ER. She has a temperature of 102°F, blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, respiratory rate of 22/min, and SpO2 of 95%. Her labs show a WBC count of 18,000 and an arterial pH of 7.32. Which of the following should be included in her immediate management? Select all that apply

A. Administer nebulized albuterol. B. Perform arterial blood gas analysis. C. Prepare for immediate incision and drainage (I&D). D. Initiate IV antibiotics targeting group A B-hemolytic Streptococcus E. Order a chest X-ray.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Albuterol is used for bronchodilation and is not indicated for Sandra's presentation.

Choice B:

She needs arterial blood gas analysis to monitor her acid-base status, as she has a low pH indicating acidosis.

Choice C:

Sandra is a patient who has signs and symptoms of peritonsillar abscess, a complication of recurrent tonsillitis. She needs urgent treatment to prevent airway obstruction and sepsis.

Choice D:

Given Sandra's history of tonsillitis and elevated WBC count, initiating antibiotics targeting streptococcal infection is crucial.

Choice E:

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Question 10:

Mike, a 17-year-old wrestler, comes in for a routine check-up. The nurse observes wheal- like lesions with white deposits at the base of the hair shaft. What should the nurse teach Mike?

A. Use an over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoo. B. Don't share headgear to prevent the spread of pediculosis. C. Inform your coach about the condition. D. Shaving your head will eliminate the problem.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Anti-dandruff shampoo is ineffective against head lice or nits.

Choice B:

The best way to prevent the spread of pediculosis is to avoid sharing personal items that come in contact with the hair, such as headgear, combs, brushes, hats, scarves.

Choice C:

While it's important to inform others about the presence of pediculosis, preventing its spread through sharing of personal items like headgear is more immediate.

Choice D:

Shaving the head may temporarily remove the nits, but it may also damage the skin and expose it to more infections.

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Total Questions : 89

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RN Medical Surgical Midterm Form A

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