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Referring to a dermatologist for prescribed long-term therapy can be beneficial for severe cases of acne or when initial treatments do not show improvement. However, this is not the first line of action. Initial treatment usually involves self-care measures like proper skin hygiene, which can be effective in managing mild to moderate acne.

Expressing blackheads and following with an exfoliating scrub is not generally recommended. Expressing blackheads can lead to skin damage and potential scarring. Moreover, harsh scrubs can irritate the skin and exacerbate acne.

While diet can affect overall health, there’s limited evidence to suggest that specific foods like chocolate, carbonated drinks, and fried foods directly cause acne. It’s always a good idea to maintain a balanced diet for overall health, but omitting these foods from the diet is not a standard recommendation for acne treatment.

Assuming care of the client immediately is not necessary and may undermine the UAP's confidence and competence.

Remaining in the room to supervise the UAP is not appropriate and may interfere with the client's privacy and dignity.

Determining if the UAP would like assistance is not a priority and may not address the safety issue.

This is incorrect. Informing the client that she can go to the bathroom whenever needed is not the best action the nurse should take. The client may have a decreased sensation of bladder fullness or a weak bladder tone after a vaginal birth, which can lead to urinary retention or overflow incontinence. The nurse should encourage the client to void within 4 to 6 hours after delivery and monitor the urine output and characteristics.

This is incorrect. Advising the client to remain in bed for the next few hours is not the best action the nurse should take. The client may benefit from early ambulation after a vaginal birth, as it can promote circulation, prevent thrombosis, and enhance bowel and bladder function. The nurse should assist the client to get out of bed safely and gradually, and observe for signs of orthostatic hypotension or bleeding.

This is incorrect. Evaluating the side effects of any analgesics used during labor is not the best action the nurse should take. The client may have received analgesics, such as opioids or epidural, during labor, which can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, itching, or respiratory depression. The nurse should monitor the client for these effects and provide appropriate interventions, but this is not the priority action after a vaginal birth.

A multigravida whose peri-pad is 1/4 saturated with lochia rubra after one hour does not need to be reassessed by the RN, as this is a normal finding for a client two hours post-birth. Lochia rubra is the red-colored vaginal discharge that contains blood and debris from the placental site, and it usually lasts for 3 to 4 days after delivery. A peri-pad that is 1/4 saturated after one hour is within the expected range of blood loss.

A multigravida complaining of strong afterbirth pains when breastfeeding does not need to be reassessed by the RN, as this is a normal finding for a client two hours post-birth. Afterbirth pains are cramps caused by uterine contractions that help shrink the uterus and prevent bleeding. They are more common and intense in multiparous women and during breastfeeding, as oxytocin is released and stimulates the contractions.

A primigravida who passed a small clot when she sat up on the edge of the bed does not need to be reassessed by the RN, as this is a normal finding for a client two hours post-birth. Small clots may form in the uterus or vagina due to pooling of blood during rest or anesthesia, and they are usually expelled when changing position or ambulating. As long as the clot is smaller than a plum and there is no excessive bleeding or pain, it is not a cause for concern.

The absence of a humidifier does not require immediate action, as it is not a critical component of the oxygen delivery system. A humidifier can help moisten the dry oxygen and prevent mucosal irritation, but it is not essential for oxygenation

The supine position does not require immediate action, as it is not a contraindication for oxygen therapy

The snug fit of the cannula does not require immediate action, as it is not a problem for oxygen therapy. The cannula should fit snugly against the client's cheeks to prevent dislodgment or slippage, and it does not interfere with the oxygen flow or diffusion.

This is not the correct answer because it is not a priority action that the PN should do for a postoperative patient with a PCA machine. Coffee ground secretions are dark brown or black granular material that are drained from the stomach via a nasogastric tube. They indicate bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as from an ulcer, gastritis, or esophageal varices.

Coffee ground secretions are a serious sign that require immediate atention and treatment³. However, they are not directly related to the use of a PCA machine or postoperative pain management. The PN should monitor the nasogastric tube drainage of the postoperative patient and report any coffee ground secretions to the health care provider, but this is not a priority action for a patient with a PCA machine.

This is not the correct answer because it is not a priority action that the PN should do for a postoperative patient with a PCA machine. Nasogastric tube suctioning is a procedure that involves applying negative pressure to a nasogastric tube to remove gastric contents from the stomach.

It can be used to decompress the stomach, prevent vomiting or aspiration, or treat gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction⁴. However, it is not directly related to the use of a PCA machine or postoperative pain management. The PN should perform nasogastric tube suctioning as ordered by the health care provider and according to protocol, but this is not a priority action for a patient with a PCA machine.

This is not the correct answer because it is not an action that the PN should do for a postoperative patient with a PCA machine. Ineffective pain management report is an outcome or evaluation that indicates that the patient's pain is not adequately controlled or relieved by the current treatment plan. It may be caused by various factors, such as inadequate dosing, inappropriate medication choice, poor adherence, tolerance, or side effects.

However, it is not an action that the PN can implement or perform for a postoperative patient with a PCA machine. The PN should assess and document the patient's pain management response and report any ineffective pain management to the health care provider, but this is not an action for a patient with a PCA machine.

This statement indicates that the client is in the stage of rationalization, as he tries to justify or minimize his condition by stating a fact that does not address his feelings or needs.

This statement indicates that the client is in the stage of anger, as he shows resentment and hostility towards those who challenge his optimism or reality.

This statement indicates that the client has reached a level of acceptance of his prognosis, as he expresses a sense of peace, gratitude, and hope. He has found sources of strength and comfort from his faith and family, and he does not show signs of denial, anger, bargaining, or depression.

Gathering the procedure tray and equipment is typically the responsibility of the healthcare provider performing the thoracentesis. The practical nurse's role in this scenario would not involve assembling the necessary materials for the procedure but rather ensuring patient safety and comfort.

Cleansing the site and covering it with a sterile towel is an important step in maintaining aseptic technique during a thoracentesis. However, this task is usually performed by the healthcare provider conducting the procedure to ensure proper sterilization techniques are followed. The practical nurse's primary focus should be on patient positioning and monitoring.

Keeping the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) and encouraging them to void is not a necessary preparation for a thoracentesis. While ensuring patient comfort is important, these actions are not specifically related to the procedure itself. The practical nurse's priorities should lie in patient positioning and ongoing assessment throughout the process.