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While standards-related processes are important in healthcare, they are not the primary focus in this scenario. Standards-related processes typically involve following established guidelines or protocols that have been set by a governing body or institution. In this case, the nurse-manager is not simply following a standard process, but is instead using evidence from research to inform their practice. Therefore, this is not the best answer.

Theory-based practice involves using nursing theories to guide care and practice. While theories can be used in conjunction with evidence-based practice, the nurse-manager in this scenario is not explicitly using a nursing theory to guide their decision-making process. Instead, they are using evidence from research studies. Therefore, this is not the best answer.

Outcome-oriented processes focus on the results or outcomes of care. While the nurse-manager is certainly interested in improving outcomes (in this case, reducing IV-related septicaemia rates), the focus in this scenario is more on the use of evidence to guide practice rather than on the outcomes themselves. Therefore, this is not the best answer.

Medical-surgical nursing textbooks published within the past year may provide some general information about nosocomial infections and their prevention, but they are not the most current and relevant source of information for the nursing staff who want to conduct a study. Textbooks are often based on summaries of existing literature and may not reflect the latest evidence or innovations in practice. They also may not address the specific problem or population of interest for the nursing staff.

Hospital infection commitee meeting minutes from the past six months may provide some information about the current policies and procedures related to nosocomial infections in the hospital, but they are not the most current and relevant source of information for the nursing staff who want to conduct a study. Meeting minutes are often brief and incomplete records of discussions and decisions that may not capture the rationale or evidence behind them. They also may not address the specific problem or population of interest for the nursing staff.

Best practice recommendations from trusted professional webpages may provide some information about the current standards and guidelines for nosocomial infection prevention and control, but they are not the most current and relevant source of information for the nursing staff who want to conduct a study. Best practice recommendations are often based on systematic reviews or consensus statements that synthesize existing evidence and expert opinions. They may not reflect the most recent or emerging evidence or innovations in practice. They also may not address the specific problem or population of interest for the nursing staff.

Discussion is the section where the researchers interpret, evaluate, and explain the meaning and implications of their findings. They also compare and contrast their findings with existing literature, identify the limitations and strengths of their study, and suggest recommendations for practice and future research.

Review of the literature is the section where the researchers provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the existing literature related to their research problem and questions. They also identify gaps in knowledge, justify the significance and purpose of their study, and present their conceptual or theoretical framework.

Methodology is the section where the researchers describe the design, setting, sample, instruments, procedures, and ethical considerations of their study. They also explain how they collected and analyzed their data, and how they ensured the validity and reliability of their methods and findings.

Identify the primary attitudinal factors that the authors described as protecting against smoking. This is an important action for the nurse to take using this research, but it is not the most important one. The nurse needs to identify the primary attitudinal factors that can help determine effective interventions that reduce smoking among youth, but these factors may not be applicable or relevant to the junior high school population. The nurse needs to first determine if any of the studies reviewed by the authors used a junior high school population before applying their findings.

Contact the authors and ask for their assistance in developing a curriculum for the anti-smoking campaign. This is an unnecessary and unrealistic action for the nurse to take using this research. The nurse does not need to contact the authors and ask for their assistance in developing a curriculum for the anti- smoking campaign, because this is beyond the scope and responsibility of the authors. The nurse can use their research findings as one source of evidence, but they also need to use their own clinical judgment, expertise, and knowledge of the local context and resources to develop a curriculum that is suitable and effective for the junior high school population.

Review the article to determine if institutional review board approval was obtained prior to conducting the study. This is an irrelevant action for the nurse to take using this research. The nurse does not need to review the article to determine if institutional review board approval was obtained prior to conducting the study, because this is not related to the purpose or content of the research. Institutional review board approval is a process that ensures that research involving human subjects is conducted ethically and protects their rights and welfare. It is not a criterion for evaluating or applying research findings to practice.

Quasi-experimental research is a type of research that examines the effects of an intervention or treatment on an outcome variable using a non-randomized or pre-existing group design. Quasi- experimental research aims to test hypotheses and measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Quasi-experimental research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. Therefore, it is unlikely that the number of subjects in a quasi-experimental study increased between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as this would compromise the validity and reliability of the study.

Experimental research is a type of research that examines the effects of an intervention or treatment on an outcome variable using a randomized controlled trial design. Experimental research aims to test hypotheses and measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Experimental research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. Therefore, it is unlikely that the number of subjects in an experimental study increased

between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as this would compromise the validity and reliability of the study.

Quantitative research is a broad term that encompasses both quasi-experimental and experimental research, as well as other types of research that use numerical data and statistical analysis to answer research questions. Quantitative research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. Therefore, it is unlikely that the number of subjects in a quantitative study increased between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection, as this would compromise the validity and reliability of the study.

Population being studied is not missing in this statement. The population being studied is implied to be nursing students or nurses who participate in short-term, cultural immersion, clinical experiences. Although it could be more specific and include the characteristics or criteria of the population, such as age, gender, education level, or ethnicity, it is not completely absent from the statement.

Identification of variables being investigated is not missing in this statement. The variables being investigated are cultural sensitivity and cultural self-efficacy, which are clearly stated in the statement. These are the dependent variables that the researcher measures or observes to evaluate the outcome of the intervention or treatment.

Possibility of empirical testing is not missing in this statement. The possibility of empirical testing is implied by the use of words such as "evaluate" and "effect change", which suggest that the researcher intends to collect and analyze data to answer the research question. Empirical testing means that the research question can be answered using objective and systematic methods of observation and measurement.

Review of literature is the first section that should appear in a research report, following the introduction. The review of literature is where the researchers provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the existing literature related to their research problem and questions. They also identify gaps in knowledge, justify the significance and purpose of their study, and present their conceptual or theoretical framework.

Methodology is the second section that should appear in a research report, following the review of literature. The methodology is where the researchers describe the design, setting, sample, instruments, procedures, and ethical considerations of their study. They also explain how they collected and analyzed their data, and how they ensured the validity and reliability of their methods and findings.

Analysis of findings is the third section that should appear in a research report, following the methodology. The analysis of findings is where the researchers present the results or outcomes of their data analysis. They use tables, graphs, charts, or other visual aids to display the data and highlight the main paterns or trends. They also use descriptive or inferential statistics to summarize and test the data. They do not include any interpretation or evaluation of the results in this section.

Quota sampling is a type of non-probability or convenience sampling technique that involves selecting participants who meet certain criteria or quotas until the desired sample size or proportion is reached. Quota sampling does not ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being selected, and that the sample is representative and generalizable to the population. In this study question, quota sampling would not be appropriate because it would not guarantee that the clients discharged in warmer months and those discharged in colder months are randomly and representatively selected from the population.

True random sampling is a type of probability sampling technique that involves selecting participants from a list or population using a random number generator or table. True random sampling ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being selected, and that the sample is representative and generalizable to the population. However, true random sampling does not ensure that each subgroup or stratum is adequately represented in the sample, and that the sample is more representative and generalizable to the population. In this study question, true random sampling would not be appropriate because it would not guarantee that the clients discharged in warmer months and those discharged in colder months are equally and proportionally represented in the sample.

Convenience sampling is a type of non-probability or convenience sampling technique that involves selecting participants who are easily available and accessible to the researcher. Convenience sampling does not ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being selected, and that the sample is representative and generalizable to the population. In this study question, convenience sampling would not be appropriate because it would not guarantee that the clients discharged in warmer months and those discharged in colder months are randomly and representatively selected from the population.

Prospective study on the long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome would most likely be conducted using a quantitative methodology. Quantitative research is a type of research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to answer research questions. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Quantitative research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. A prospective study is a type of quantitative research that follows a cohort or group of participants over time to examine the effects or outcomes of an exposure or intervention. A prospective study on the long-term effects of chronic fatigue syndrome would involve collecting and analyzing data from participants who have chronic fatigue syndrome and who are followed for a long period of time to measure their physical, mental, and social outcomes.

Descriptive study on coping mechanisms employed by family caregivers would most likely be conducted using a quantitative methodology. Quantitative research is a type of research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to answer research questions. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and

measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Quantitative research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. A descriptive study is a type of quantitative research that describes the characteristics or features of a population or phenomenon without manipulating any variables or testing any hypotheses. A descriptive study on coping mechanisms employed by family caregivers would involve collecting and analyzing data from family caregivers using standardized instruments or scales to measure their coping strategies.

Epidemiological study regarding AIDS infection rates in a community would most likely be conducted using a quantitative methodology. Quantitative research is a type of research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to answer research questions. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses and measure variables using statistical analysis, such as analysis of variance or regression. Quantitative research usually uses fixed or predetermined sampling and design strategies, which means that the researcher decides the number and characteristics of participants and groups before starting the data collection. An epidemiological study is a type of quantitative research that examines the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations. An epidemiological study regarding AIDS infection rates in a community would involve collecting and analyzing data from the community using methods such as surveys, records, or registries to measure the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, or outcomes of AIDS infection.