Rationalization is a defense mechanism in which an individual justifies their behavior or feelings by giving reasonable explanations that may not be true. In this scenario, the client's statement about worrying about grades after planning a party reflects procrastination, which is a form of avoidance, not rationalization.

Rationalization involves attributing one's actions or feelings to more acceptable or logical reasons. The client's belief that not getting a promotion is due to her boss disliking her is an example of rationalization. The client is distorting reality to make the situation more acceptable and to protect her self-esteem.

The client mentioned in this choice is displaying the defense mechanism of denial. Denial involves refusing to accept the reality of a situation to avoid the associated discomfort. The client's behavior of referring to a deceased partner in the present tense is an example of denial, not rationalization.

The client described in this choice is using the defense mechanism of displacement. Displacement is redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a less threatening one. The client's stomach pain before presenting a project to coworkers is a displacement of anxiety from the presentation onto physical symptoms.

No explanation