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"Provide plenty of stimulation in the client's room":This statement may not be appropriate for a client with Alzheimer's disease. Too much stimulation can lead to agitation and confusion. It's important to balance stimulation with a calm and predictable environment.

"Display a monthly calendar in the client's room":While calendars can help some clients maintain a sense of time and routine, they may not be useful for everyone with Alzheimer's disease. The concept of time may become confusing or irrelevant as the disease progresses.

"Keep the client's room dark at night to promote sleep":
Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and environment is important, but keeping the room dark all the time may disrupt the client's circadian rhythm. Natural light exposure during the day and dim lighting in the evening can help regulate sleep-wake cycles.

The client holds the cane with their left hand:Holding the cane with the left hand is incorrect for a client with left-sided weakness. The cane should be held in the hand opposite the weaker side, which would be the right hand in this case, to ensure optimal balance and support.

The client takes a step with their right foot first:
Taking a step with the right foot first does not indicate proper use of the cane. The correct sequence involves moving the cane and the weaker leg forward together, followed by the stronger leg to maintain stability and support.

The client moves the cane 2 feet ahead:Moving the cane 2 feet ahead is too far and can compromise the client’s balance. The cane should be moved a short distance, typically about 6 to 12 inches, to provide steady support and prevent falls.

Clear items from the client's surrounding area:While it is important to clear items from the surrounding area to prevent injury during a seizure, this should be done after ensuring the client's immediate safety. Lowering the client to the floor takes precedence to prevent falls and potential injuries.

Loosen the client's restrictive clothing:Loosening restrictive clothing can help ensure the client’s comfort and maintain airway patency during a seizure. However, this action is not the most immediate priority compared to lowering the client to the floor.

Obtain the client's vital signs:Obtaining vital signs is important to assess the client's status, but it is not the immediate priority during the active phase of a seizure. Ensuring the client's safety by preventing falls and injuries comes first.

Restrict the client's fluid intake:Restricting fluid intake is not appropriate following a cardiac catheterization. Adequate hydration is encouraged to help flush out the contrast dye used during the procedure, which helps prevent kidney damage and other complications.

Elevate the head of the client's bed to a 45° angle:
Elevating the head of the bed to 45° can increase the risk of bleeding at the femoral artery puncture site. The client should remain flat or with the head of the bed slightly elevated (no more than 30°) to ensure stability of the insertion site and minimize the risk of bleeding.

Monitor the client's vital signs once every hour:Vital signs should be monitored more frequently than once every hour immediately after the procedure. Monitoring should initially be done every 15 minutes to detect any early signs of complications, such as bleeding or hemodynamic instability, ensuring timely intervention if needed.

Decreased responsiveness of airways to allergens:Asthma is characterized by an increased responsiveness of the airways to various triggers, including allergens, rather than a decreased responsiveness. This heightened sensitivity leads to bronchoconstriction and inflammation, contributing to the symptoms of an asthma attack.

Suppressed bronchiolar inflammatory response:During an asthma attack, there is an exaggerated bronchiolar inflammatory response rather than suppression. Inflammatory mediators cause swelling, mucus production, and constriction of the airways, making it difficult for the client to breathe.

Acute loss of alveolar elasticity:
The loss of alveolar elasticity is more characteristic of conditions like emphysema rather than asthma. Asthma primarily involves the airways rather than the alveoli, with symptoms resulting from bronchoconstriction and inflammation rather than loss of elasticity.

Teach the client a breathing exercise with a longer inhalation phase:Breathing exercises for clients with emphysema typically focus on prolonging the exhalation phase rather than inhalation. Pursed-lip breathing, for example, helps to prevent airway collapse and promotes more effective gas exchange.

Encourage use of incentive spirometry for 5 min every 2 hr:
Incentive spirometry is beneficial for preventing atelectasis and promoting lung expansion, but it is not typically the primary intervention for managing emphysema, which is characterized by obstructed airflow and hyperinflation of the lungs. This tool is more commonly used postoperatively or in clients with restrictive lung conditions.

Limit fluid intake to 1,000 ml. per day:Fluid restriction is generally not recommended for clients with emphysema unless there is another condition, such as heart failure, that warrants such a measure. Adequate hydration helps thin mucus, making it easier for clients with chronic lung conditions to clear their airways.

PaCO2, 31 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg): In metabolic acidosis, the PaCO2 level may be decreased as a compensatory mechanism by the lungs to expel more carbon dioxide and counteract the acidosis. However, a PaCO2 of 31 mm Hg is slightly low but not a direct indicator of metabolic acidosis; it reflects respiratory compensation rather than the primary problem.

HCO3 18 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L): In metabolic acidosis, the bicarbonate (HCO3) level is usually low, as it is the primary buffer that decreases in response to the acidosis. An HCO3 of 18 mEq/L is lower than the normal range, indicating a decrease consistent with metabolic acidosis.

PaO2, 85 mm Hg (72 to 100 mm Hg): The PaO2 level, which measures oxygen in the blood, is generally not directly affected by metabolic acidosis. While the PaO2 of 85 mm Hg is within the normal range and does not specifically indicate metabolic acidosis, it is more relevant to assessing oxygenation rather than the acid-base balance.

Use a 3 ml syringe when flushing the PICC line:Using a 3 ml syringe for flushing is not recommended. Smaller syringes generate higher pressure, which can damage the catheter. Instead, a 10 ml syringe is typically used to flush PICC lines to ensure safe pressure levels.

Expect the PICC line to be inserted into a lower extremity vein:PICC lines are typically inserted into veins in the upper extremities, such as the basilic, brachial, or cephalic veins, rather than lower extremity veins. This positioning reduces the risk of complications and allows for better access and care.

Monitor for a pneumothorax following insertion of the PICC line:Monitoring for a pneumothorax is not typically necessary following PICC line insertion. Pneumothorax is a potential complication of central venous catheter placements involving the subclavian or jugular veins, not the peripheral veins used for PICC lines. Instead, complications like infection, thrombosis, and catheter occlusion are more relevant concerns.

Rapidly deflate the balloon before removing the tubing:Rapidly deflating the balloon is not recommended. The balloon should be deflated slowly to ensure complete deflation and prevent trauma to the urethra during removal.

Reinsert the catheter if the client does not void within 1 hr:
Reinserting the catheter after only 1 hour is premature. It is generally advised to monitor the client for up to 6-8 hours for spontaneous voiding before considering reinsertion. The client should be encouraged to drink fluids and attempts to void should be documented.

Obtain a sterile urine specimen after catheter removal:Obtaining a sterile urine specimen immediately after catheter removal is not necessary. If a urine sample is required, it should be collected before the catheter is removed to ensure sterility