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Hydrocephalus.Explanation: Hydrocephalus is not a neural tube defect itself. It's a condition characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure. It can be caused by various factors, but it's not directly related to neural tube development.

Cerebral palsy.Explanation: Cerebral palsy is a group of motor disorders caused by damage to the developing brain, usually before birth. It is not a neural tube defect. Instead, it's related to brain injury or abnormal development.

Muscular dystrophy.Explanation: Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. It's not related to neural tube defects. Muscular dystrophy affects muscle tissue, while neural tube defects involve improper development of the neural tube.

Nausea and vomiting are not typical symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). They are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) or other conditions. This statement is not accurate in the context of hypoglycemia.

Sweating is more commonly associated with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) rather than hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body can respond with sweating as part of the adrenaline release. Sweating is not a typical symptom of hyperglycemia.

The onset of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) can vary. It can occur suddenly, especially if the individual takes too much insulin or diabetes medication, leading to a rapid drop in blood sugar. The correct understanding is that the onset of low blood glucose can be rapid and not always slow.

A brisk pupillary reaction to light is a normal response and doesn't necessarily indicate increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It's a sign that the visual pathway and cranial nerves are functioning appropriately.

Tachycardia (increased heart rate) can occur for various reasons in response to trauma or distress, but it's not a direct indicator of increased intracranial pressure.

The fontanelles are soft spots on an infant's skull where the bones have not yet fused. Depressed fontanelles can indicate dehydration or other fluid imbalances but are not specific to increased intracranial pressure. In cases of increased ICP, the fontanelles may bulge or feel tense rather than being depressed. However, it's important to note that changes in fontanelle appearance, including depression, should still be assessed and reported as they can indicate various health issues.

Applying cool sterile soaks to the child's head would not directly address periorbital edema. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that results in proteinuria (loss of protein in urine), leading to fluid accumulation and edema. Cooling the head would not have a significant impact on reducing periorbital edema caused by nephrotic syndrome.

While dietary modifications might be part of managing nephrotic syndrome, specifically encouraging low protein foods may not directly address periorbital edema. The primary treatment for nephrotic syndrome involves medications to control proteinuria and manage fluid balance.

Elevating the head of the bed is more commonly used to manage conditions like heart failure or obstructive sleep apnea. It might have some impact on overall fluid distribution, but it's not the most effective measure for reducing periorbital edema caused by nephrotic syndrome.

While providing comfort is important, the priority in this scenario is to ensure the child's safety. Placing a pillow under the head can be considered after addressing immediate safety concerns.

Ensuring the area is clear of hazards is the nurse's priority. During a seizure, the child can experience uncontrolled movements, and having hazards around can lead to injuries. Clearing the area helps prevent harm. But priority is to position the child side lying.

While loosening restrictive clothing can facilitate breathing, the priority in this situation is addressing safety concerns related to the seizure and vomiting. Ensuring a clear and safe environment takes precedence.

This statement is incorrect. While dizziness can be a symptom of a concussion, it is not always indicative of a concussion. There can be various causes of dizziness, and it is essential to consider other symptoms as well when assessing for a concussion.

While staying hydrated is important for overall health, it is not directly related to concussion or head injury prevention teaching. This choice is unrelated to the topic.

Signs of autism are unrelated to concussion or head injury prevention teaching. This choice is not relevant to the topic at hand.

This option involves keeping a saline-lock (also known as a saline flush or heparin lock) in place. A saline-lock is a device used to keep an IV line open without continuous fluids running through it. While this is important for various medical situations, it's not the priority in the case of a child with acute glomerulonephritis.

While dietary modifications can be important for managing various health conditions, including kidney issues, this is not the top priority in this situation. Reducing salt intake can help manage fluid retention, but it is not the nurse's priority action at this moment.

Patient education is crucial, especially in chronic conditions, but in this acute care scenario, the nurse's immediate priority is to address the child's needs. Educating parents about potential complications should be done, but it's not the most immediate action.

Chronic glomerulonephritis often involves damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can lead to the leakage of protein into the urine, resulting in proteinuria. The absence of proteinuria would be an unexpected finding in a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Serum phosphorus levels within the expected reference range are not directly related to chronic glomerulonephritis. While abnormalities in electrolyte levels might occur due to kidney dysfunction, serum phosphorus within the normal range is not a hallmark finding of glomerulonephritis. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Similar to serum phosphorus, serum potassium levels within the normal range are not specific to chronic glomerulonephritis. Kidney dysfunction can indeed affect electrolyte levels, but a serum potassium level within the normal range doesn't provide specific information about glomerulonephritis. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

While seizure precautions are important in certain clinical situations, they are not directly related to the excess fluid and generalized edema associated with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is primarily characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and fluid retention, which can lead to edema. Seizure precautions would not directly address the fluid imbalance in this context.

Ambulation involves walking or movement and is not a priority intervention for addressing excess fluid and generalized edema. The primary concern in nephrotic syndrome with fluid accumulation is to manage the fluid balance and prevent further complications related to edema, such as respiratory distress or compromised circulation.

While maintaining a flat bed position may help improve venous return and fluid distribution, it is not the priority intervention for managing excess fluid and generalized edema in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Monitoring daily weight and adjusting treatment based on weight changes are more directly related to addressing the fluid imbalance.

This statement is not accurate, as some children with epilepsy can achieve long-term seizure control with appropriate treatment. Epilepsy management varies from person to person, and many individuals can experience extended periods of seizure freedom.

Epilepsy can have both genetic and non-genetic causes. While there are genetic forms of epilepsy, not all cases are hereditary. Epilepsy can be caused by a variety of factors, including brain injuries, infections, and other medical conditions.

Epilepsy does not discriminate based on gender. Both males and females can be affected by epilepsy. This statement is not accurate and does not reflect the reality of epilepsy as a medical condition.

This statement doesn't show a clear understanding of nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that involves the kidneys' ability to filter blood, but it doesn't typically involve blood donation or surgery related to that. Direct donation of blood is not relevant to the treatment or management of nephrotic syndrome.

This statement suggests a misunderstanding of nephrotic syndrome and its management. Encouraging lots of liquids is generally not a primary concern in nephrotic syndrome. In fact, excess fluid intake might be counterproductive, as it could worsen edema (swelling) that often occurs with this condition. Additionally, the term "Biters per day" doesn't seem relevant to nephrotic syndrome or its management.

This statement doesn't relate to nephrotic syndrome or its management. Nephrotic syndrome primarily involves issues with kidney function and protein loss, and antibiotics are not a standard treatment for this condition. Antibiotics are used to treat infections, which can sometimes be a complication of nephrotic syndrome due to the immune system's vulnerability, but the statement doesn't focus on the understanding of the disease itself.
Correct Answer: C. "My child really likes chips and bologna. I guess we will have to find something else."Explanation: This statement shows an understanding of the dietary changes needed for a child with nephrotic syndrome. It acknowledges the importance of adjusting the child's diet to include protein-rich foods and avoid high-sodium options, which aligns with the nutritional considerations for managing nephrotic syndrome.

Bowel sounds are not directly related to the assessment of ascites. Bowel sounds are more relevant in assessing gastrointestinal function and peristalsis. While bowel changes could potentially be a sign of complications, monitoring abdominal girth is more specific to tracking ascites.

While ambulation is important for overall health, it's not a direct assessment method for monitoring ascites. Ambulating a child might have benefits, but it won't provide specific information about the presence or progression of ascites.

Weekly weighing can provide some information about overall fluid balance, but it might not be as sensitive as measuring abdominal girth when it comes to detecting changes in ascites. Additionally, monitoring weight alone might not give insight into the distribution of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Elevated blood glucose is not one of the components of Cushing's Triad. The triad focuses on cardiovascular and respiratory changes associated with increased intracranial pressure, not blood glucose levels.

Macawen's sign is not part of Cushing's Triad. Cushing's Triad is specifically related to the physiological responses seen in response to increased intracranial pressure and is not associated with Macawen's sign.

This option is not accurate. Cushing's Triad involves bradycardia (slow heart rate), irregular respirations, and a widening pulse pressure. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and seizures are not part of Cushing's Triad but might be indicative of other medical conditions or complications.

This statement is generally true. Growth hormone deficiency often requires long-term treatment, which may extend throughout childhood and adolescence. However, in some cases, the need for growth hormone therapy might change based on the individual's response to treatment and growth patterns.

The optimal timing for starting growth hormone therapy can vary depending on the specific circumstances and the underlying cause of growth hormone deficiency. While treatment during adolescence can be effective, growth hormone therapy can also be successful if started earlier in childhood or later in adolescence. The key is identifying and treating the deficiency as soon as possible to promote healthy growth.

While growth hormone therapy aims to support growth, achieving "full stature" might not always be possible. The goal of treatment is to help the child reach a more typical height based on their genetic potential and individual response to therapy. The success of treatment is determined by improvements in growth velocity and height, rather than necessarily achieving "full stature," which can vary greatly among individuals.

This number is significantly larger than any reasonable fluid requirement and is likely an error.

This value is far too low to represent the fluid requirements of a child.

This value is also too low to represent the fluid requirements of a child.
So, the correct answer is A) 1740 mL. The child's estimated daily fluid requirement would be around 1740 mL in a 24-hour period, based on a weight of 70.4 pounds.

Glyburide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, so taking glyburide would not be appropriate.

Glucagon is a hormone used to raise blood sugar levels, typically in cases of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It is not used to treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in type 1 diabetes. Instead, insulin administration is the primary method for managing high blood sugar levels.

Insulin injections for individuals with type 1 diabetes are typically given in the subcutaneous fat, which is found just beneath the skin. The deltoid muscle is not a recommended site for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption. The abdomen, thighs, and buttocks are commonly recommended injection sites.

This finding is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Smokey brown urine might indicate the presence of blood in the urine, which can be seen in conditions such as hematuria or certain kidney infections.

Polyuria refers to excessive urination and is not a primary characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. However, children with nephrotic syndrome may have decreased urine output due to the loss of fluid and proteins through the damaged kidney filters.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical finding of nephrotic syndrome itself. However, it's possible for kidney damage to lead to secondary hypertension. In nephrotic syndrome, low levels of albumin can trigger the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which can contribute to increased blood pressure.

While low-protein and low-potassium diets can be appropriate for certain kidney conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, they are not typically the primary focus in the acute phase of glomerulonephritis. Protein restriction might be considered if there is significant kidney damage, and potassium levels are elevated.

Low-carbohydrate and low-protein diets are not the main dietary considerations for acute glomerulonephritis. The primary focus is on managing sodium and fluid intake due to impaired kidney function.

A regular diet without added salt might exacerbate the fluid retention and edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Sodium intake needs to be controlled to prevent further fluid buildup.

Children with ASD often benefit from clear and consistent rules and expectations. Adjusting rules based on behavior might lead to confusion and unpredictability for the child. Instead, providing clear and predictable expectations can help them understand and navigate their environment.

Children with ASD might have challenges with social interaction and communication, making unsupervised play with peers potentially challenging. It's important to provide appropriate supervision and guidance to support positive social interactions and ensure the child's safety and comfort.

This is another important intervention. Children with ASD often respond well to visual cues and rewards for positive behavior. A well-structured reward system can reinforce desired behaviors and provide motivation for the child to engage and interact more effectively.

Children with ASD often benefit from consistent routines and clear expectations. Adjusting rules based on behavior might confuse the child and undermine the structure they rely on for understanding their environment.

Children with ASD can struggle with social interactions and may need guidance to engage in play with peers successfully. Unsupervised imaginative play might lead to challenges or misunderstandings, making supervision and support important.

Reward systems can be effective for motivating positive behaviors in children with ASD. Visual cues and rewards are often helpful in reinforcing desired behaviors. This intervention can encourage appropriate social interactions and communication.

Limiting fluid intake during meals is not a standard practice for managing type 1 diabetes. Proper hydration is important for overall health, and fluids should be consumed as needed.

Blood glucose levels over 350 mg/dL can indicate hyperglycemia, which requires prompt attention. High blood glucose levels can lead to complications if not addressed promptly. Contacting the healthcare provider is an appropriate step. However, consistentBlood Glucose Levels Above 240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) or presence of symptoms likefrequent urination, thirst, blurry vision, or fatigue) are concerning. The clientshould have contacted the health care provider by this point.

This instruction is not accurate. Nausea could be a sign of various conditions, including illness. Insulin should not be withheld without consulting a healthcare provider. Managing insulin doses appropriately is crucial to maintaining blood glucose control

Positioning is important in the care of an infant with myelomeningocele. The infant is usually placed in a prone (on the abdomen) position to prevent pressure on the sac and protect the neural tissue. Placing the infant in a side-lying position may not provide the needed protection.

Range of motion exercises are not typically performed on the hips of an infant with myelomeningocele. The focus of care is primarily on protecting the exposed neural tissue, preventing infection, and ensuring proper positioning.

Taking an axillary temperature is a common method for measuring an infant's body temperature. However, in the case of an infant with myelomeningocele, it's important to avoid any pressure or friction on the sac area. The nurse should use care to prevent disturbing the dressing or causing discomfort to the infant.

Document intake and output:Documenting intake and output is an important nursing task, but it is not the top priority in a suspected case of bacterial meningitis. Timely administration of antibiotics to treat the infection takes precedence over documentation of intake and output.

Reduce environmental stimuli:Reducing environmental stimuli can be helpful in managing symptoms and providing comfort to the child with meningitis, but it is not the priority action. The immediate concern in a suspected case of bacterial meningitis is to treat the infection.

Maintain seizure precaution:
While maintaining seizure precautions is important, especially if the child has a history of seizures, it is not the top priority in a suspected case of bacterial meningitis. Administering antibiotics to treat the infection and prevent its progression is the primary concern.