Which of the following ECG rhythm interval measures is considered abnormal?

QTc interval 0.33 to 0.47 seconds

QT interval that varies with HR

QRS interval <0.12 seconds

PR interval 0.12 to 0.24 seconds

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The QTc (corrected QT) interval is a measure of the time it takes for the ventricles to depolarize and repolarize during a cardiac cycle. It is corrected for heart rate (HR) to account for variations in the cardiac cycle length.
The normal range for the QTc interval varies depending on the calculation method used but generally falls within 0.36 to 0.44 seconds. In the given options, the range of 0.33 to 0.47 seconds for the QTc interval is wider than the normal range, suggesting a prolonged QTc interval, which can be indicative of a potential risk for arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and torsades de pointes.
B. QT interval that varies with HR in (option B) is normal because The QT interval alone can vary with heart rate, and this is considered a normal physiological adaptation.
C. QRS interval <0.12 seconds in (option C) is normal because The QRS interval represents the time it takes for ventricular depolarization and is normally less than 0.12 seconds.
D. PR interval 0.12 to 0.24 seconds in (option D) is normal because The PR interval represents the time it takes for atrial depolarization and conduction through the AV node. The normal range is typically 0.12 to 0.20 seconds.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The stages of shock are commonly described as the initial, compensatory, progressive, and refractory stages. Here is an explanation of each stage and why the patient's assessment findings correspond to the progressive stage:
B. The compensatory stage in (option B) is incorrect because, In the compensatory stage, the body continues to activate compensatory mechanisms to maintain perfusion. This includes increased heart rate, peripheral vasoconstriction, and shunting of blood to vital organs. The patient's assessment findings of decreasing cardiac output, decreased peripheral perfusion, and increased capillary permeability suggest that the body's compensatory mechanisms are no longer sufficient to maintain perfusion adequately. Therefore, the patient has progressed beyond the compensatory stage.
C. The initial stage in (option C) is incorrect because, In the initial stage, there is an initial insult or injury that triggers the shock state. The body's compensatory mechanisms are activated, such as increased heart rate and vasoconstriction, to maintain blood pressure and perfusion. However, the patient's assessment findings indicate that they have progressed beyond the initial stage.
D. The refractory stage in (option D) is incorrect because The refractory stage represents a severe and irreversible state of shock where vital organs fail, and despite interventions, the patient's condition does not improve. The patient's assessment findings do not suggest the refractory stage, as there is still potential for intervention and management.

A. Oxygen saturation 92% B. Skin cool and clammy C. Blood pressure (BP) 92/56 mm Hg D. Heart rate 118 beats/minute

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Oxygen saturation of 92% in (option A) is incorrect because While an oxygen saturation of 92% is suboptimal and may require intervention, it may not have the same immediate implications as low blood pressure. The healthcare provider should be informed, but addressing the blood pressure takes priority.
B. Skin cool and clammy in (option B) is correct because Cool and clammy skin is often associated with inadequate peripheral perfusion, which is a characteristic of septic shock.

C. Septic shock is characterized by systemic inflammation, vasodilation, and hypotension. Inadequate blood pressure is a significant concern in septic shock as it indicates poor tissue perfusion and compromised organ function. However, the mean arterial pressure is till acceptable.
D. Heart rate of 118 beats/minute in (option D) is incorrect because: Tachycardia is a common finding in septic shock and reflects the body's compensatory response to maintain cardiac output. While it is a significant finding, low blood pressure takes precedence in terms of urgency.

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Which of the following ECG rhythm interval measures is considered abnormal?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The ICU nurse provides care for a 67-year-old female patient experiencing a distributive shock. Assessment findings are indicative of decreasing cardiac output, decreased peripheral perfusion, and increased capillary permeability. The nurse identifies that the patient is in which stage of shock.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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