Which conditions can cause hypovolemic shock? Select all that apply.
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Lower GI bleed
Tension pneumothorax
Diabetes insipidus
Valvular stenosis
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
These conditions can lead to fluid loss, either through increased gastrointestinal output (diarrhea, vomiting, lower GI bleeding) or accumulation of air in the pleural space (tension pneumothorax), resulting in a decrease in blood volume and subsequent hypovolemic shock.
E. Diabetes insipidus in (option E) is incorrect because it is not directly associated with hypovolemic shock. Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of dilute urine due to insufficient production or response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). While diabetes insipidus can lead to dehydration and potential hypovolemia, it is not a direct cause of hypovolemic shock.
F. Valvular stenosis in (option F) is incorrect because it is a condition characterized by the narrowing or obstruction of one or more heart valves. While it can cause problems with cardiac output and circulation, it is not specifically related to hypovolemic shock, which is caused by a decrease in blood volume.
Therefore, the conditions that can cause hypovolemic shock include diarrhea, vomiting, lower GI bleeding, and tension pneumothorax.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["9000"]
Explanation
4 mL × body weight in kg × percentage of burn = total fluid volume for the first 24 hours Then, divide the total fluid volume by 2 to determine the fluid volume for the first 8 hours.
In this case, the patient weighs 90 kg and has a 50% burn injury.
4 mL × 90 kg × 50% = 18,000 mL (total fluid volume for 24 hours)
18,000 mL / 2 = 9,000 mL (fluid volume for the first 8 hours)
Therefore, the nurse would infuse the intravenous fluid resuscitation at a rate of 9,000 mL over the first 8 hours.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The ABG results show a pH of 7.50, PaCO2 of 29 mmHg, and HCO3 of 23 mEq/L, indicating respiratory alkalosis. In respiratory alkalosis, there is a decrease in PaCO2 (hypocapnia), which can be caused by excessive ventilation.
To address the respiratory alkalosis, the nurse should decrease the respiratory rate. This would help reduce the amount of ventilation provided and allow the patient to retain more carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby increasing the PaCO2 levels and restoring acid-base balance.
B. Leaving the ventilator at the current settings in (option B) is incorrect because it may exacerbate respiratory alkalosis as it would maintain the same level of ventilation.
C. Increasing the tidal volume (VT) in (option C) is incorrect because it would not address the respiratory alkalosis. Tidal volume refers to the volume of air delivered with each breath, while the issue in this case is excessive ventilation leading to hypocapnia.
D. Increasing the FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) in (option D) is incorrect because it is not indicated based on the given ABG results. The oxygenation (PaO2) level is within normal limits (80 mmHg), suggesting adequate oxygenation.
It is important to consult with the healthcare provider or respiratory therapist for further guidance on adjusting the ventilator settings based on the patient's condition and response to therapy.
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