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The nurse reviews the client's test results.

Exhibits

For each potential provider's prescription, click to specify if the potential prescription is anticipated or contraindicated for the client.

A.

Pyrazinamide

B.

Contact precautions

C.

Monthly TB skin test for 1 year

D.

Ethambutol

E.

Isoniazid

F.

Airborne precautions

G.

Rifampin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"A"},"G":{"answers":"A"}}

Anticipated:

  • Pyrazinamide: This is a first-line anti-tuberculosis medication used in combination therapy to treat active TB. It helps shorten treatment duration and targets intracellular bacteria.
  • Contact precautions: TB is transmitted via airborne droplets, requiring airborne precautions instead. However, contact precautions can still be implemented in addition to airborne precautions.
  • Ethambutol: This medication is used to prevent resistance and is part of the standard four-drug regimen for active tuberculosis.
  • Isoniazid: A core component of TB treatment, isoniazid is effective against actively dividing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is typically given for at least 6 months.
  • Airborne precautions: TB is transmitted through airborne droplets, necessitating airborne precautions such as an N95 mask, negative-pressure isolation, and limiting client transport.
  • Rifampin: Another first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, rifampin works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and is a crucial part of combination therapy for TB.

Contraindicated:

  • Monthly TB skin test for 1 year: Once TB is confirmed via sputum culture and chest x-ray, repeated skin testing is unnecessary and would not provide additional diagnostic value.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Catatonia. Catatonia involves significant motor disturbances such as rigidity, mutism, or excessive movement, commonly seen in schizophrenia or severe mood disorders. Delirium is characterized by acute confusion, fluctuating attention, and perceptual disturbances rather than motor abnormalities.
B. Echopraxia. Echopraxia is the involuntary repetition of another person’s movements, often linked to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Delirium primarily presents with disorientation, altered consciousness, and hallucinations rather than repetitive motor behaviors.
C. Agraphia. Agraphia is the loss of the ability to write due to neurological conditions like stroke or dementia. Delirium is an acute and reversible cognitive disturbance that affects attention and perception but does not typically result in isolated language deficits.
D. Illusions. Illusions involve the misinterpretation of real stimuli, such as mistaking a cord for a snake, and are common in delirium. This occurs due to the client's fluctuating mental status, impaired sensory perception, and difficulty distinguishing reality from distorted perceptions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. This medication stimulates neutrophil production in clients with severe neutropenia, such as those undergoing chemotherapy. While HIV can cause neutropenia, routine administration is not necessary unless the infant has recurrent infections and significantly low neutrophil counts.
B. Monitor the infant's lymphocyte count. CD4+ T-cell levels are key indicators of immune function in infants with HIV. Since HIV targets these cells, regular monitoring helps assess disease progression and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, guiding treatment adjustments when needed.
C. Educate the infant's guardians about exchange transfusions. Exchange transfusions are used for conditions like severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or sickle cell disease, not HIV. Managing HIV in infants focuses on early antiretroviral therapy, routine lab monitoring, and infection prevention.
D. Initiate droplet precautions. Standard precautions, such as hand hygiene and appropriate use of personal protective equipment, are sufficient for infection control. HIV is not transmitted through respiratory droplets but through direct contact with infected blood, breast milk, or other bodily fluids.

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