An adult client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks a nurse to explain how he developed the condition. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Your body will continue producing too much insulin without medicine to counteract it.
Your body doesn’t process glucose well.
Your body’s hemoglobin is not binding to the sugar you consume.
Your body’s immune system has destroyed cells in your pancreas.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, not the overproduction of insulin. Over time, the pancreas may produce less insulin, but the primary issue is the body’s inability to use insulin effectively.
Choice B rationale
Type 2 diabetes involves the body’s inability to process glucose properly due to insulin resistance. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels and various complications if not managed effectively.
Choice C rationale
Hemoglobin binding to sugar is related to the measurement of HbA1c, which reflects average blood glucose levels over time. It is not a cause of type 2 diabetes.
Choice D rationale
The destruction of pancreatic cells is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance and is not caused by an autoimmune response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO₂, which is not consistent with the given ABG values. The client’s pH is low (7.22), indicating acidosis, and the PaCO₂ is high (68 mm Hg), indicating a respiratory cause.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory acidosis is correct. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. The given ABG values show a low pH (7.22) and a high PaCO₂ (68 mm Hg), which are indicative of respiratory acidosis. The elevated bicarbonate (28 mEq/L) suggests partial compensation by the kidneys.
Choice C rationale
Metabolic acidosis is incorrect. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels. In this case, the bicarbonate level is elevated (28 mEq/L), which is not consistent with metabolic acidosis. The primary issue is respiratory, as indicated by the high PaCO₂.
Choice D rationale
Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high bicarbonate levels. The given ABG values show a low pH (7.22), which indicates acidosis, not alkalosis. Additionally, the primary issue is respiratory, as indicated by the high PaCO₂.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Sweating is incorrect. While sweating can be a symptom of hypoglycemia, it is not a specific indicator of effective diabetes management.
Choice B rationale
Tachycardia is incorrect. Tachycardia can occur during hypoglycemia due to the body’s release of adrenaline, but it is not a specific indicator of effective diabetes management.
Choice C rationale
Polydipsia is incorrect. Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is a symptom of hyperglycemia, indicating poor blood sugar control.
Choice D rationale
Polyuria is correct. Polyuria, or frequent urination, is a symptom of hyperglycemia. Effective diabetes management aims to reduce hyperglycemia and its symptoms.
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