A nurse is collecting data for a client who has fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is an expected finding?

Decreased hematocrit

Increased urine ketones

Increased urine specific gravity

Decreased BUN

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. In fluid volume deficit, there is hemoconcentration due to decreased fluid volume, resulting in an increase in hematocrit rather than a decrease. Therefore, a decreased hematocrit would not be an expected finding in fluid volume deficit.
B.   Urine ketones are typically elevated in conditions where there is increased fat metabolism, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation. They are not directly related to fluid volume deficit and would not be an expected finding.
C.   Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in the urine, indicating the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine. In fluid volume deficit, the body conserves water, leading to increased urine concentration and higher urine specific gravity. Therefore, increased urine specific gravity is an expected finding in fluid volume deficit.
D.   BUN is a measure of kidney function and protein metabolism. In fluid volume deficit, there is hemoconcentration due to decreased fluid volume, which can lead to an increase in BUN rather than a decrease. A decreased BUN would not typically be an expected finding in fluid volume deficit.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

A. Butter is a dairy product, but it is not typically high in potassium. It is generally safe for clients following a low-potassium diet. Therefore, clients do not need to avoid butter specifically for its potassium content.
B. Yogurt, especially the varieties that are not low-fat or non-fat, can have a significant amount of potassium.
C Pears are generally considered low in potassium and are usually safe to include in a low-potassium diet.
D. Orange juice is a fruit juice and is naturally high in potassium. Clients should avoid or limit orange juice when following a low-potassium diet due to its potassium content.
E. Cabbage is a vegetable that is generally low in potassium. It is safe for clients following a low-potassium diet and does not need to be avoided for its potassium content.

A. Temperature 38.2° C (100.8° F) B. Hematocrit 45% C. Respiratory rate 12/min D. Urine specific gravity 1.015

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This temperature is slightly elevated (normal range is typically around 36.5-37.5°C or 97.7-99.5°F). While a mild temperature elevation could indicate infection or other underlying issues, it may not be immediately critical unless accompanied by other symptoms such as chills, increased heart rate, or signs of respiratory distress.
B. Hematocrit measures the proportion of red blood cells in the blood. A hematocrit of 45% is within the normal range for adults. However, changes in hematocrit levels over time can indicate fluid balance issues

or nutritional status, which are important to monitor but may not be an acute priority unless significantly abnormal.
C. A respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute is within the normal range for adults. However, it's essential to consider if this rate is stable or if there are signs of respiratory distress such as increased effort or decreased oxygen saturation. Respiratory status should always be closely monitored, but a normal rate alone is not a priority concern.
D. Urine specific gravity measures the concentration of urine and can indicate hydration status. A specific gravity of 1.015 is within the normal range for urine concentration. However, changes in urine output or specific gravity can provide insights into fluid balance and renal function over time.

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A nurse is collecting data for a client who has fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is an expected finding?

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