A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Avoid physical exercise to prevent fatigue.
Take hot baths to relax muscles.
Perform stretching exercises daily.
Limit fluid intake to reduce bladder irritation.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Avoiding physical exercise is not recommended for multiple sclerosis, as moderate activity like walking or stretching improves muscle strength, balance, and fatigue management. Complete avoidance leads to deconditioning, worsening mobility and fatigue, which are common in MS, making this instruction counterproductive to symptom management.
Choice B reason: Taking hot baths is not advised for multiple sclerosis, as heat can exacerbate symptoms like fatigue and muscle weakness due to temperature sensitivity (Uhthoff’s phenomenon). Cool or lukewarm baths are safer, supporting symptom control, making this instruction harmful and inappropriate for MS management.
Choice C reason: Performing daily stretching exercises improves flexibility, reduces spasticity, and enhances mobility in multiple sclerosis. Stretching strengthens muscles and prevents contractures, supporting functional independence. This aligns with evidence-based MS management to mitigate symptoms and improve quality of life, making it the correct instruction.
Choice D reason: Limiting fluid intake to reduce bladder irritation is inappropriate, as adequate hydration (2-3 L/day) prevents urinary tract infections, common in MS due to bladder dysfunction. Fluid restriction can worsen symptoms and dehydration, making this instruction incorrect for managing MS-related bladder issues effectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased serotonin levels are linked to depression, as serotonin regulates mood in the brain’s limbic system. Antidepressants like SSRIs increase serotonin, alleviating low mood and anhedonia, making this client a prime candidate for therapy to address neurochemical imbalances in depression.
Choice B reason: Decreased cortisol is not directly tied to depression requiring antidepressants. Cortisol dysregulation may occur in stress disorders, but antidepressants target serotonin or norepinephrine, not adrenal function, making this client less suitable for antidepressant therapy based on this imbalance.
Choice C reason: Elevated dopamine is linked to schizophrenia or mania, not depression. Antidepressants target serotonin or norepinephrine, not dopamine. This client may need antipsychotics or mood stabilizers, not antidepressants, as dopamine excess does not indicate depressive pathology requiring such therapy.
Choice D reason: Elevated thyroid levels suggest hyperthyroidism, mimicking anxiety, not depression. Antidepressants are not indicated, as treatment targets thyroid function. Depression may coexist, but thyroid correction is prioritized, making this client unsuitable for primary antidepressant therapy based on this finding.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Preferring loose clothing to hide scars indicates an altered body image, as it reflects discomfort with physical changes post-mastectomy. This behavior suggests emotional distress about appearance, a common response to surgical body alterations, making it the correct indicator.
Choice B reason: Joining a support group shows proactive coping and acceptance, not necessarily an altered body image. It reflects social engagement and resilience, not distress about physical changes, making it incorrect for indicating body image concerns.
Choice C reason: Feeling confident about recovery suggests positive adjustment, not an altered body image. Confidence indicates emotional resilience rather than distress about physical appearance post-mastectomy, making this statement incorrect for this concern.
Choice D reason: Planning to resume exercise indicates focus on recovery and health, not body image distress. This proactive attitude reflects physical rehabilitation goals, not emotional concerns about appearance, making it incorrect for altered body image.
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