A nurse is teaching a client who has a pelvic fracture about the manifestations of fat embolism syndrome. The nurse should include which of the following findings as an early manifestation?

Hypertension

Swollen calf

Tachypnea

Bradycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Hypertension is not typically an early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome (FES). FES is more commonly associated with hypoxemia, which can lead to hypotension rather than hypertension².

Choice B reason:
While a swollen calf may indicate deep vein thrombosis, it is not an early sign of FES. FES primarily affects the lungs and neurological systems early on, rather than causing localized swelling such as in a calf².

Choice C reason:
Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is indeed an early sign of FES. This symptom usually develops before others and is due to the fat globules causing respiratory distress by blocking the pulmonary microcirculation²³⁴.

Choice D reason:
Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not an early sign of FES. Instead, patients may experience tachycardia as a response to hypoxemia and respiratory distress².

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation and is involved in the body's immune response to fight infections. However, IgG is not typically associated with allergic reactions, which are immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

Choice B reason:
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a critical role in mucosal immunity and is found in high concentrations in the mucous membranes, particularly those lining the respiratory passages and gastrointestinal tract. Like IgG, IgA is not primarily responsible for the allergic response seen in conditions such as seasonal allergies.

Choice C reason:
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is usually the first antibody produced by the immune system when it detects an infection. IgM antibodies are larger and are involved in the primary immune response but are not the antibodies that mediate typical allergic reactions.

Choice D reason:
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the antibody that plays a central role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including seasonal allergies. IgE antibodies are produced as a response to allergens and are responsible for the symptoms of an allergic reaction. An elevation in IgE levels typically indicates a positive result for an allergy test such as RAST.

A. Abdominal distention B. Request for a cup of tea and some toast C. Hypoactive bowel sounds in two quadrants D. Passage of flatus

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Abdominal distention can be a sign of delayed return of peristalsis or ileus, especially when accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or lack of bowel movement. It is not typically a sign that peristalsis is returning.

Choice B reason:
A request for a cup of tea and some toast may indicate that the client is feeling better and is hungry, which can be a good sign. However, it is not a definitive clinical indicator of the return of peristalsis. The desire to eat does not necessarily mean that the digestive system is ready to process food.

Choice C reason:
Hypoactive bowel sounds in two quadrants may indicate that peristalsis is present but weak. While this could be a sign that peristalsis is starting to return, it is not as strong an indicator as the passage of flatus or stool.

Choice D reason:
The passage of flatus is a clear sign that peristalsis is returning. It indicates that gas is moving through the intestines, which is a function of peristalsis. This is often one of the first signs that the gastrointestinal system is recovering after surgery.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has a pelvic fracture about the manifestations of fat embolism syndrome. The nurse should include which of the following findings as an early manifestation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Explanation

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