A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?

Headache, restlessness

Decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse

Muscle cramps, chest heaviness

Pain and tingling at the access site

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is Choice A

Choice A rationale: Headache and restlessness can be signs of a seizure or neurological disturbance, which phenytoin is used to treat. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication that helps control seizures by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing excitability.

Choice B rationale: Decreased blood pressure and rapid pulse are not indications for phenytoin administration. These symptoms may suggest hypotension or cardiovascular issues, which require different interventions such as fluid resuscitation or vasopressors.

Choice C rationale: Muscle cramps and chest heaviness are not treated with phenytoin. These symptoms could indicate electrolyte imbalances or cardiac issues, which need specific treatments like electrolyte replacement or cardiac monitoring.

Choice D rationale: Pain and tingling at the access site are not indications for phenytoin administration. These symptoms may suggest local irritation or infection at the dialysis access site, requiring appropriate wound care or antibiotics.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: A strong odor in the first-voided urine can be normal, especially if it's concentrated after a night's sleep.

Choice B reason: An output of 175 mL in 8 hours is concerning, as it indicates oliguria, which is a urine output of less than 400 mL in 24 hours, and can be a sign of worsening renal function.

Choice C reason: An output of 2,200 mL in 24 hours is within normal urine output ranges, which is typically 800 to 2,000 mL per day for an average adult.

Choice D reason: Urine becoming cloudy after sitting for a period is common due to precipitation of salts and proteins at lower temperatures.

A. CAPD is the dialysis treatment of choice for clients who have a history of abdominal surgery. B. CAPD requires a rigid schedule of exchange times. C. CAPD requires the client to follow fewer dietary and fluid restrictions than hemodialysis requires. D. CAPD filters the client's blood through an artificial device called a dialyzer.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: CAPD can be suitable for clients with a history of abdominal surgery, but it is not specifically the

treatment of choice due to this reason alone.

Choice B reason: CAPD does not require a rigid schedule of exchange times. It is ?exible and can be adjusted to fit the client's lifestyle.

Choice C reason: CAPD allows for more dietary and fluid freedom compared to hemodialysis because it is a continuous process that removes waste products and excess fluid more gradually.

Choice D reason: CAPD does not filter the client's blood through an artificial device called a dialyzer; that is a description of hemodialysis. CAPD uses the client's peritoneum as the filter to remove waste products and excess fluid.

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A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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