A nurse is caring for a group of clients who have been diagnosed with urinary retention. Which of the following underlying conditions place these clients at risk for urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)

Multiple sclerosis

Streptococcal infection

Constipation

Parkinson's disease

Pelvic organ prolapse

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A reason: Multiple sclerosis can affect the nerves that control the bladder and sphincter muscles, leading to urinary retention.

Choice B reason: Streptococcal infection is not typically associated with urinary retention unless it specifically affects the urinary tract, which is not common.

Choice C reason: Constipation can cause urinary retention by exerting pressure on the bladder or urethra, obstructing the flow of urine.

Choice D reason: Parkinson's disease can lead to urinary retention due to the impairment of nerve signals that

control the bladder.

Choice E reason: Pelvic organ prolapse can obstruct the urethra, leading to difficulty in emptying the bladder and resulting in urinary retention.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypernatremia, which is an abnormally high level of sodium in the blood, is not typically associated with prerenal AKI. Prerenal AKI is often related to hypovolemia, which can lead to hyponatremia rather than hypernatremia.

Choice B reason: Hypophosphatemia, or low levels of phosphate in the blood, is not a common finding in prerenal AKI. Phosphate levels are more often affected in intrinsic renal diseases or refeeding syndrome.

Choice C reason: Hypercalcemia, or high levels of calcium in the blood, is not commonly seen in prerenal AKI. It is more frequently associated with malignancies or hyperparathyroidism.

Choice D reason: Hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood, is a common electrolyte imbalance in prerenal AKI. This occurs due to decreased renal perfusion and the kidney's reduced ability to excrete potassium.

A. Measure the client's blood pressure to ensure it is higher in the left arm than the right. B. Check the brachial and radial pulses of the left arm simultaneously. C. Auscultate the antecubital fossa using a Doppler stethoscope. D. Auscultate the site for a bruit.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Measuring blood pressure di?erences is not a method to assess the patency of an AV graft.

Choice B reason: Checking pulses is important but does not confirm the patency of the AV graft.

Choice C reason: Using a Doppler stethoscope at the antecubital fossa is not the standard method for assessing AV graft patency.

Choice D reason: Auscultating for a bruit at the site of the AV graft is a common and non-invasive way to assess for patency.

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A nurse is caring for a group of clients who have been diagnosed with urinary retention. Which of the following underlying conditions place these clients at risk for urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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