A nurse is caring for a group of clients who have been diagnosed with urinary retention. Which of the following underlying conditions place these clients at risk for urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)
Multiple sclerosis
Streptococcal infection
Constipation
Parkinson's disease
Pelvic organ prolapse
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
Choice A reason: Multiple sclerosis can affect the nerves that control the bladder and sphincter muscles, leading to urinary retention.
Choice B reason: Streptococcal infection is not typically associated with urinary retention unless it specifically affects the urinary tract, which is not common.
Choice C reason: Constipation can cause urinary retention by exerting pressure on the bladder or urethra, obstructing the flow of urine.
Choice D reason: Parkinson's disease can lead to urinary retention due to the impairment of nerve signals that
control the bladder.
Choice E reason: Pelvic organ prolapse can obstruct the urethra, leading to difficulty in emptying the bladder and resulting in urinary retention.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aluminum hydroxide does not primarily lower serum calcium levels. Calcium levels are typically managed in CKD patients through other medications and dietary restrictions, as hypercalcemia can occur in these patients.
Choice B reason: Aluminum hydroxide acts as a phosphate binder, which helps to lower serum phosphorus levels in patients with CKD. This is important because high phosphorus levels can lead to bone and heart problems in these patients. The normal range for serum phosphorus is approximately 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.
Choice C reason: Aluminum hydroxide does not have a significant effect on serum potassium levels. In CKD, potassium levels are managed through diet and other medications due to the risk of hyperkalemia, which can be life- threatening.
Choice D reason: While magaldrate contains magnesium, which could potentially worsen hypermagnesemia in CKD patients, aluminum hydroxide does not lower serum magnesium levels. Instead, it is less likely to cause elevated magnesium levels compared to magaldrate.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A hemoglobin level of 16 g/dL is within the normal range and does not indicate acute kidney injury.
Choice B reason: A BUN level of 15 mg/dL is also within the normal range and does not suggest acute kidney injury.
Choice C reason: A serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L is within the normal range and is not indicative of acute kidney injury.
Choice D reason: A serum creatinine level of 6 mg/dL is significantly elevated and indicates impaired kidney function, which is a hallmark of acute kidney injury.
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