A nurse is monitoring a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

Elevated BUN

Hypercalcemia

Metabolic alkalosis

Hypokalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: In acute kidney injury (AKI), the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is expected to be elevated due to the kidneys' impaired ability to excrete urea, which is a waste product of protein metabolism. Normal BUN levels range from approximately 7 to 20 mg/dL.

Choice B reason: Hypercalcemia is not commonly associated with AKI. Instead, patients with AKI may experience hypocalcemia due to the kidneys' reduced ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, which is necessary for calcium absorption.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not a typical finding in AKI. More commonly, patients with AKI experience metabolic acidosis because the kidneys are unable to excrete acid effectively, leading to an accumulation of acid in the body.

Choice D reason: Hypokalemia is generally not expected in AKI. The condition is more often associated with hyperkalemia, as the impaired kidney function leads to a reduced excretion of potassium, which can accumulate to dangerous levels.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: While kidney infections can cause swelling, they typically do not lead to a significant increase in abdominal girth unless associated with severe obstruction or advanced kidney disease.

Choice B reason: In PKD, the kidneys can become significantly enlarged due to the growth of numerous cysts, which

can indeed lead to an increase in abdominal girth.

Choice C reason: While stones can cause blockage and swelling, they would not typically result in a generalized increase in abdominal girth unless there is an associated infection or severe obstruction.

Choice D reason: Inflammation can lead to fluid retention, but in the context of PKD, it is the cysts' growth that primarily contributes to increased kidney size and abdominal girth.

A. Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower. B. Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to areas where the concentration is higher. C. Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher. D. Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.

Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.

Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.

Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.

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A nurse is monitoring a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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