A nurse is monitoring a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

Elevated BUN

Hypercalcemia

Metabolic alkalosis

Hypokalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: In acute kidney injury (AKI), the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is expected to be elevated due to the kidneys' impaired ability to excrete urea, which is a waste product of protein metabolism. Normal BUN levels range from approximately 7 to 20 mg/dL.

Choice B reason: Hypercalcemia is not commonly associated with AKI. Instead, patients with AKI may experience hypocalcemia due to the kidneys' reduced ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, which is necessary for calcium absorption.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not a typical finding in AKI. More commonly, patients with AKI experience metabolic acidosis because the kidneys are unable to excrete acid effectively, leading to an accumulation of acid in the body.

Choice D reason: Hypokalemia is generally not expected in AKI. The condition is more often associated with hyperkalemia, as the impaired kidney function leads to a reduced excretion of potassium, which can accumulate to dangerous levels.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hyperkalemia refers to high potassium levels, which may not directly cause shortness of breath and swelling.

Choice B reason: Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is likely the cause of the client's symptoms, including shortness of breath, swelling, crackles in the lungs, and elevated blood pressure.

Choice C reason: Hypovolemia, or fluid deficit, would not typically present with swelling and crackles in the lungs.

Choice D reason: Hyponatremia refers to low sodium levels, which may not directly cause the symptoms described.

A. The client who had general anesthesia for back surgery 8 hours ago. B. The client who has a history of liver failure. C. The client who reported eating a diet high in calcium oxalate. D. The client who was treated with antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus infection of the skin 2 weeks ago.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: General anesthesia can impair the autonomic nervous system, which controls bladder function, leading to urinary retention. This risk is particularly high shortly after surgery.

Choice B reason: While liver failure can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, it is not directly associated with urinary retention unless there are concurrent issues affecting the urinary system.

Choice C reason: A diet high in calcium oxalate can contribute to kidney stones, which could potentially cause urinary obstruction, but it is not a direct cause of urinary retention.

Choice D reason: Antibiotics for a skin infection would not typically lead to urinary retention unless there were an allergic reaction or other rare side effects that affect the urinary system.

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A nurse is monitoring a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

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