A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus and plans to
make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.
Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: While fiber is important in a diet, recommending at least 45 g per day does not specifically address the needs of a patient with diabetic nephropathy.
Choice B reason: Consuming less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day is recommended for patients with diabetic nephropathy to reduce the workload on the kidneys.
Choice C reason: Limiting cholesterol intake to 300 mg per day is a general recommendation for heart health but is not specific to diabetic nephropathy dietary management.
Choice D reason: The recommendation to consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates is not specific to diabetic nephropathy, and carbohydrate needs can vary based on individual energy requirements.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, BUN and creatinine levels typically increase, not decrease, due to reduced kidney function.
Choice B reason: Renal function is not reestablished during the oliguric phase; this phase is characterized by decreased function.
Choice C reason: The oliguric phase is defined by significantly reduced urine output, often less than 400 mL per 24 hours.
Choice D reason: The GFR does not recover during the oliguric phase; it is usually decreased.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: pH 7.30 with elevated HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, not typical for chronic kidney disease.
Choice B reason: pH 7.55 with elevated HCO3- and low PaCO2 suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.
Choice C reason: pH 7.25 with decreased HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests metabolic acidosis, which is expected in chronic kidney disease due to the accumulation of acids.
Choice D reason: pH 7.50 with low HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.
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