A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply).

Bone pain

Slurred speech

Hypotension

Pruritus

Bradypnea.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

A.   Bone pain can occur in ESRD due to mineral and bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease.
B.   Slurred speech can be seen in ESRD patients with uremic encephalopathy.
C.   Hypotension is less common in ESRD; hypertension is more typical due to fluid overload and retention.
D.   Pruritus is a common symptom of ESRD, often due to accumulation of uremic toxins.
E.   Bradypnea is not typically associated with ESRD.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypernatremia is usually due to an excess of sodium or a deficit of water, not directly related to prerenal causes.
B. Prerenal AKI is characterized by a decrease in renal blood flow, which leads to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and a subsequent accumulation of waste products, including potassium. Hyperkalemia occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively.
C. Hypercalcemia is not typically associated with AKI.
D. Hypophosphatemia is generally associated with malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes and is not a direct result of prerenal AKI.

A. Warm flushed skin B. Bounding peripheral pulses C. Widened QRS complexes D. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis typically presents with cool, clammy skin due to compensatory peripheral vasoconstriction.
B. Peripheral pulses may be weak or thready in respiratory acidosis due to decreased cardiac output.
C. Respiratory acidosis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyperkalemia, which can manifest as widened QRS complexes on an electrocardiogram (ECG).
D. Respiratory acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia, but hyperactive deep tendon reflexes are not a characteristic finding.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply).

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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