A nurse is assessing four clients on a medical unit. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as exhibiting positive manifestations of hypercortisolism?
A client who has muscle hypertrophy.
Moon face
A client who has a butterfly rash on his face.
A client who has a positive Chvostek's sign.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Muscle hypertrophy is not a typical manifestation of hypercortisolism; rather, muscle weakness and wasting may occur.
B. Moon face, or rounded facial appearance with prominent cheeks, is a characteristic manifestation of hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome).
C. A butterfly rash on the face is not specific to hypercortisolism; it may suggest other conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
D. Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercortisolism.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormone.
Consequently, free T4 levels are typically decreased.
B. Although serum T3 levels may also decrease in primary hypothyroidism due to impaired thyroid function, TSH is the primary marker used for diagnosis and monitoring.
C. Similarly, serum T4 levels may decrease in primary hypothyroidism due to decreased synthesis by the thyroid gland.
D. In primary hypothyroidism, the anterior pituitary gland releases more TSH to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Therefore, elevated TSH levels are characteristic of primary hypothyroidism.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Black Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, and diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
B. While Hispanic/Latino individuals also have an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, it is less pronounced compared to Black Americans.
C. Non-Hispanic White individuals have a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to Black and Hispanic/Latino populations.
D. Asian Americans have a varied prevalence of diabetes mellitus depending on specific ethnicities within this group, but it is generally lower than in Black Americans.
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