A nurse is assessing four clients on a medical unit. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as exhibiting positive manifestations of hypercortisolism?

A client who has muscle hypertrophy.

Moon face

A client who has a butterfly rash on his face.

A client who has a positive Chvostek's sign.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Muscle hypertrophy is not a typical manifestation of hypercortisolism; rather, muscle weakness and wasting may occur.
B.   Moon face, or rounded facial appearance with prominent cheeks, is a characteristic manifestation of hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome).
C.   A butterfly rash on the face is not specific to hypercortisolism; it may suggest other conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
D.   Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercortisolism.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis would typically involve an elevated PaCO2, which is not seen in this case.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevated bicarbonate level, which is not present in this scenario.
C. Respiratory alkalosis would present with a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH, which is not the case here.
D. The low bicarbonate level (HCO3) 18mEq/L (normal range of 22-26 mEq/L), and low pH 7.30 (normal range of 7.35-7.45), indicate metabolic acidosis. suggesting acidemia. The PaCO2 is also low at 28 mm Hg, indicating a respiratory compensation for the metabolic acidosis.

A. "It is caused by the lack of production of insulin by the pancreas.." B. "It is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland." C. "It is caused by the overproduction of parathormone by the parathyroid gland." D. "It is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This statement describes the cause of diabetes mellitus, not Addison's disease.

B. This statement describes the cause of acromegaly, not Addison's disease.

C. This statement describes the cause of hyperparathyroidism, not Addison's disease.

D. This is the correct explanation of the cause of Addison's disease, which involves adrenal insufficiency.

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A nurse is assessing four clients on a medical unit. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as exhibiting positive manifestations of hypercortisolism?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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