Ms. Jackson has been suffering from persistent vomiting for two days now. She appears to be lethargic and weak and has myalgia. She is noted to have dry mucus membranes and her capillary refill takes >4 seconds. She is diagnosed as having gastroenteritis and dehydration. Measurement of arterial blood gas shows pH 7.5. PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, and HCO3 34 mmol/L What acid-base disorder is shown?

Metabolic Alkalosis. Partially Compensated

Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated

Respiratory Alkalosis. Uncompensated

Metabolic Alkalosis. Uncompensated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated, is incorrect because there is no evidence of respiratory compensation (normal PaCO2).
B.   Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated, is incorrect because the pH is high, not low as would be expected in acidosis, and the PaCO2 is normal, not high.
C.   Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated, is incorrect because the primary problem is metabolic (high HCO3), not respiratory, and the PaCO2 is normal, not low as would be seen in respiratory alkalosis.
D.   Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by elevated pH and bicarbonate levels. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5) and the bicarbonate (HCO3) level is high (34 mmol/L), indicating alkalosis. Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid), causing metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system has not yet compensated fully for the alkalosis, as indicated by the normal PaCO2 (40 mm Hg).

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Sudden weight gain is a common sign of fluid overload in clients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
B. Skin turgor assessment is not as reliable in individuals with kidney disease due to changes in skin elasticity.
C. Flattened neck veins are not indicative of fluid overload; rather, they suggest dehydration.
D. Oxygen saturation may be affected by various factors but is not directly related to fluid overload in this context.

A. "A low-protein diet reduces the risk for edema." B. "A low-protein diet will reduce the risk for hyperkalemia C. "A low-protein diet will increase the nitrogenous wastes in the blood." D. "A low protein diet reduces the risk for uremia."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Edema in chronic kidney failure is more closely associated with sodium and water retention rather than protein intake.
B. Hyperkalemia in chronic kidney failure can be managed by restricting dietary potassium intake, but it is not primarily related to protein intake.
C. A low-protein diet aims to decrease, not increase, nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
D. A low-protein diet reduces the risk for uremia, a condition resulting from chronic kidney failure where urea and other waste products build up in the body due to impaired renal function. A low-protein diet helps decrease the workload on the kidneys by reducing the amount of nitrogenous waste they need to filter and excrete.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney failure about planning a low-protein diet. The client states, "Why do I have to be concerned about protein?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication?

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to client who has calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is caring for a client who has a postoperative ileus and an NG tube that has drained 2,500 mL in the past 6 hr. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor the client for?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has primary hypothyroidism. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse anticipate an elevation of?

A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO3-, 18 mEq, PaCO, 28 mm Hg and pH 7.30. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client. The pH is 7.32, PaCO, 48 mm Hg and the HCO, is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate of which of the following acid base balances?

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following values should give the nurse the best indication of the client's renal function?