A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and reports having shortness of breath and swelling in his lower extremities. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the client has crackles in his lungs and an elevated blood pressure. The nurse should suspect which of the following based on the client's manifestations?

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Hypovolemia

Hypervolemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Hyponatremia is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood and is not typically associated with crackles in the lungs or elevated blood pressure.
B.   While hyperkalemia is a concern in end-stage kidney disease, it is not typically associated with crackles in the lungs or elevated blood pressure.
C.   Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is not consistent with the client's reported symptoms of swelling in the lower extremities and crackles in the lungs.
D.   Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is common in end-stage kidney disease and can manifest with symptoms such as shortness of breath, lower extremity edema, crackles in the lungs (due to pulmonary congestion), and elevated blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Black Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, and diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
B. While Hispanic/Latino individuals also have an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, it is less pronounced compared to Black Americans.
C. Non-Hispanic White individuals have a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to Black and Hispanic/Latino populations.
D. Asian Americans have a varied prevalence of diabetes mellitus depending on specific ethnicities within this group, but it is generally lower than in Black Americans.

A. A client who has a calcium of 9.8 mg/dL B. A client who has a phosphate of 5.7 mg/dL C. A client who has a magnesium of 1.8 mEq/L D. A client who has a vitamin D of 25 ng/ml

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Normal calcium levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
B. A manifestation of hypoparathyroidism would be a high phosphate level due to the low production of parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels. It leads to reduced phosphate excretion.
C. Low magnesium levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.
D. Normal vitamin D levels are not indicative of hypoparathyroidism.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end- stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for four clients. The nurse should recognize which of the following clients has a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has primary hypothyroidism. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse anticipate an elevation of?

A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving vasopressin. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication that the medication is effective?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assessing a client who is admitted for elective surgery and has a history of Addison's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?