A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia
Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
In prerenal AKI, the kidneys are not receiving enough blood flow. As a result, they cannot filter potassium out of the blood efficiently, leading to hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This condition is dangerous because it can cause cardiac dysrhythmias and muscle weakness.
Choice B rationale
Hypernatremia, an elevated sodium level, is not typically associated with prerenal AKI. It is more commonly related to dehydration or an excessive intake of sodium, which are not direct consequences of prerenal AKI.
Choice C rationale
Hypercalcemia, an elevated calcium level, is also not a common finding in prerenal AKI. It is usually associated with other conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or malignancy.
Choice D rationale
Hypophosphatemia, a low level of phosphate in the blood, is not a typical result of prerenal AKI. It can occur due to malnutrition or malabsorption, but it is not directly caused by prerenal AKI.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Elevated blood pressure is a common finding in cardiovascular conditions but is not specifically indicated by the presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, or an S3 gallop.
Choice B rationale
A decreased respiratory rate is not typically associated with the presence of crackles and dyspnea; these symptoms are more indicative of increased work of breathing and potential fluid overload.
Choice C rationale
Pitting edema is a classic sign of fluid retention, which can be associated with heart failure. The presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, and an S3 gallop are clinical indicators that suggest heart failure, making pitting edema a likely finding.
Choice D rationale
An irregular pulse may be found in various cardiac conditions but is not directly suggested by the symptoms described. The presence of an S3 gallop is more indicative of heart failure, which is commonly associated with fluid overload signs such as pitting edema.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Applying a new patch at the onset of anginal pain is not recommended for transdermal nitroglycerin. This medication is used for long-term prevention of angina, not for immediate relief.
Choice B rationale
Covering the patch with plastic wrap is not necessary and is not a standard instruction for the use of transdermal nitroglycerin patches.
Choice C rationale
Applying a new patch each morning ensures that the medication is delivered consistently throughout the day, which is important for the management of stable angina.
Choice D rationale
Removing the patch for 10 to 12 hours daily, typically at night, helps prevent tolerance to the medication, ensuring its effectiveness.
Choice E rationale
Applying the patch to a hairless area and rotating sites helps to prevent skin irritation and ensures better adherence of the patch to the skin.
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