A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia
Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
In prerenal AKI, the kidneys are not receiving enough blood flow. As a result, they cannot filter potassium out of the blood efficiently, leading to hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This condition is dangerous because it can cause cardiac dysrhythmias and muscle weakness.
Choice B rationale
Hypernatremia, an elevated sodium level, is not typically associated with prerenal AKI. It is more commonly related to dehydration or an excessive intake of sodium, which are not direct consequences of prerenal AKI.
Choice C rationale
Hypercalcemia, an elevated calcium level, is also not a common finding in prerenal AKI. It is usually associated with other conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or malignancy.
Choice D rationale
Hypophosphatemia, a low level of phosphate in the blood, is not a typical result of prerenal AKI. It can occur due to malnutrition or malabsorption, but it is not directly caused by prerenal AKI.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While family history can contribute to the risk of developing certain conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for peptic ulcer disease.
Choice B rationale
A long-term smoking history is a known risk factor for peptic ulcer disease as it can increase gastric acid secretion and reduce the production of substances that protect the stomach lining.
Choice C rationale
The client denies alcohol use; therefore, it is not a contributing risk factor in this case. However, alcohol use is generally a risk factor for PUD due to its irritating effect on the stomach lining.
Choice D rationale
Being positive for Helicobacter pylori is one of the strongest risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. This bacterium damages the protective mucosal layer of the stomach and duodenum, leading to chronic inflammation and allowing acid to injure the underlying tissue. It is the leading cause of most gastric and duodenal ulcers worldwide.
Choice E rationale
NSAID use is a well-established risk factor for peptic ulcer disease as these medications can disrupt the protective lining of the stomach, leading to ulcers.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
In the case of hyperkalemia, which can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias, the most immediate nursing action is to place the patient on a cardiac monitor. This allows for continuous monitoring of the heart's rhythm and immediate detection of any life-threatening changes, which is crucial for timely intervention.
Choice B rationale
Inserting a urinary retention catheter may be necessary for managing oliguria, but it is not the most urgent action when compared to the potential cardiac risks associated with hyperkalemia.
Choice C rationale
Administering spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, could be part of the treatment for hyperkalemia, but it is not the first action to take. Spironolactone works more slowly and does not address the immediate risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Choice D rationale
Epoetin alfa (Epogen) is used to treat anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease, to increase red blood cell production. However, it does not have an immediate effect and is not the priority in the presence of hyperkalemia and potential cardiac complications.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today