A nurse is educating the public at a health fair about colorectal cancer. Which of the following risk factors increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer? (Select all that apply.)
Smoking
Obesity
Limiting alcohol intake to less than four drinks per week
More than seven servings of red meat per week
A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and grains
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A rationale
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer. The carcinogens in tobacco smoke can lead to the formation of cancerous cells in the colon and rectum.
Choice B rationale
Obesity increases the risk of colorectal cancer, possibly due to chronic low-level inflammation associated with excess body fat, which can contribute to cancer development.
Choice C rationale
Limiting alcohol intake to less than four drinks per week is actually a protective measure against colorectal cancer, not a risk factor.
Choice D rationale
A high intake of red meat, particularly more than seven servings per week, has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to compounds formed during digestion that can damage the lining of the colon and rectum.
Choice E rationale
A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and grains is generally considered protective against colorectal cancer due to the fiber and nutrients they provide, not a risk factor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Storing the medication at room temperature is a practical instruction but does not explain the therapeutic purpose of the medication, which is essential for patient understanding.
Choice B rationale
Epoetin alfa (Procrit) is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease by supplementing erythropoietin, a hormone the damaged kidneys can no longer produce effectively. This is the most informative statement for the patient's understanding of the medication's purpose.
Choice C rationale
While epoetin alfa can improve anemia and potentially improve quality of life, it does not directly delay the need for dialysis, which is determined by overall kidney function and not solely by the presence of anemia.
Choice D rationale
Epoetin alfa does not have a role in preventing AV fistula clotting. It is specifically used to stimulate red blood cell production and has no direct effect on clotting mechanisms.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While having extra pillows can help with comfort, it does not address the primary safety concern associated with ascites, which is the risk of falls due to altered center of gravity and balance.
Choice B rationale
The advice about undergarments is not a safety precaution but rather a comfort consideration. It is less critical than ensuring the client's safety while ambulating.
Choice C rationale
This is the correct choice because it directly addresses a significant safety risk for the client. Ascites can greatly affect balance, increasing the risk of falls, which can lead to serious injury, especially in older adults.
Choice D rationale
While exercise is important, this statement is overly restrictive and not accurate. Clients with ascites can often still engage in exercise, albeit modified, to accommodate their condition and under medical supervision.
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