A nurse is providing teaching on common symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
Proteinuria
Hypertension
Periorbital edema
Hypotension
Hematuria
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A rationale
Proteinuria, or the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine, is a hallmark sign of glomerulonephritis. It occurs due to the increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Choice B rationale
Hypertension is often associated with glomerulonephritis. The damage to the glomeruli can lead to salt and water retention, contributing to high blood pressure.
Choice C rationale
Periorbital edema, which is swelling around the eyes, is a common early symptom of glomerulonephritis. It is caused by fluid retention and leakage into the tissue.
Choice D rationale
Hypotension is not typically associated with glomerulonephritis. In fact, hypertension is more common due to the reasons mentioned above.
Choice E rationale
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is another common finding in glomerulonephritis. It results from the inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, allowing red blood cells to leak into the urine.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Percussion between the iliac crest and ribs at the midaxillary line is not the standard method for assessing flank tenderness associated with pyelonephritis. This technique may not elicit the characteristic pain of kidney inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Pushing fingers upward into the two lowest intercostal spaces is not a specific test for flank tenderness and may not accurately assess for pyelonephritis. This action is more related to assessing the integrity of the rib cage and intercostal muscles.
Choice C rationale
Palpating along both sides of the lumbar vertebral column is not the correct method for assessing flank tenderness due to pyelonephritis. This approach is more suited for assessing the musculoskeletal structure rather than the kidneys.
Choice D rationale
Striking a flat hand over the costovertebral angle is the correct method for assessing flank tenderness in cases of suspected pyelonephritis. This technique, known as costovertebral angle tenderness, elicits pain when the kidneys are inflamed, which is a common sign of pyelonephritis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Chest pain that is relieved with eating or drinking water is not typically indicative of a complication from a peptic ulcer. This symptom may be related to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Choice B rationale
Burning epigastric pain after eating is a common symptom of a peptic ulcer and, while uncomfortable, does not usually require an urgent change in the plan of care unless it significantly worsens or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
Choice C rationale
Back pain after eating can be associated with a peptic ulcer if the ulcer is located at the back of the stomach or the pain radiates; however, it does not typically warrant an urgent change in care without other symptoms.
Choice D rationale
A rigid abdomen and vomiting following indigestion can indicate a perforated ulcer, which is a medical emergency. This requires immediate intervention and possibly surgical consultation, thus warranting an urgent change in the nursing plan of care.
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