A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?
Obesity
Protein in the urine
Iron deficiency
Dehydration
The Correct Answer is D
A. While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B. Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C. Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D. Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hyponatremia is characterized by low sodium levels in the blood and is not typically associated with crackles in the lungs or elevated blood pressure.
B. While hyperkalemia is a concern in end-stage kidney disease, it is not typically associated with crackles in the lungs or elevated blood pressure.
C. Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is not consistent with the client's reported symptoms of swelling in the lower extremities and crackles in the lungs.
D. Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is common in end-stage kidney disease and can manifest with symptoms such as shortness of breath, lower extremity edema, crackles in the lungs (due to pulmonary congestion), and elevated blood pressure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Placing the client on seizure precautions is important as metabolic alkalosis can cause neurological symptoms, such as confusion and increased risk for seizures due to electrolyte imbalances (e.g., low calcium levels). Therefore, seizure precautions are warranted.
B. Breathing into a paper bag is used in respiratory alkalosis to increase CO2 levels, but it is not appropriate in metabolic alkalosis, where the issue is not primarily related to CO2 imbalance.
C. Encouraging the client to breathe slowly is generally more appropriate for respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis. Slow breathing would not directly address the underlying issue of metabolic alkalosis.
D. Administering sodium bicarbonate would worsen metabolic alkalosis, as it would further increase the alkalotic state. Sodium bicarbonate is used in metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis.
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