A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?

Obesity

Protein in the urine

Iron deficiency

Dehydration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   While obesity can contribute to certain health conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
B.   Proteinuria may indicate kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct risk factor for the formation of renal calculi.
C.   Iron deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of renal calculi formation.
D.   Dehydration can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of crystal formation and subsequently the formation of renal calculi.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated, is incorrect because there is no evidence of respiratory compensation (normal PaCO2).
B. Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated, is incorrect because the pH is high, not low as would be expected in acidosis, and the PaCO2 is normal, not high.
C. Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated, is incorrect because the primary problem is metabolic (high HCO3), not respiratory, and the PaCO2 is normal, not low as would be seen in respiratory alkalosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by elevated pH and bicarbonate levels. In this scenario, the pH is elevated (7.5) and the bicarbonate (HCO3) level is high (34 mmol/L), indicating alkalosis. Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid), causing metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system has not yet compensated fully for the alkalosis, as indicated by the normal PaCO2 (40 mm Hg).

A. Obtain a prescription for insulin for the client. B. Have the client breath into a paper bag. C. Place the client on continuous cardiac monitoring, D. Plan to administer sodium bicarbonate to the client.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Insulin administration is not indicated for metabolic alkalosis.
B. Breathing into a paper bag is a treatment for respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential to promptly identify and manage any dysrhythmias that may occur.
D. Administering sodium bicarbonate would exacerbate metabolic alkalosis and is not indicated.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi?