A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperkalemia
Decreased creatinine level
Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because hypomagnesemia is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Hypomagnesemia is a condition in which the serum magnesium level is lower than normal (less than 1.5 mEq/L). It may be caused by various factors such as malnutrition, diarrhea, diuretics, or alcohol abuse. It may cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, tremors, tetany, or cardiac arrhythmias.
Choice B Reason: This choice is correct because hyperkalemia is a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Hyperkalemia is a condition in which the serum potassium level is higher than normal (more than 5 mEq/L). It may be caused by reduced renal excretion of potassium due to decreased urine output (oliguria). It may cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, paresthesia, bradycardia, or cardiac arrest.
Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because decreased creatinine level is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine. A normal creatinine level ranges from 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. In acute kidney injury, creatinine level usually increases due to reduced renal function and impaired clearance of creatinine.
Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. GFR is a measure of how well
the kidneys filter blood and remove waste products.
A normal GFR range is 90,to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. In acute kidney injury, GFR usually decreases due to reduced blood flow,to,the kidneys or damage to the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels that filter blood in the kidneys.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because headache is not a common manifestation of ARF. Headache may be caused by various factors such as dehydration, stress, sinusitis, or migraine, but it does not indicate ARF.
Choice B Reason: This choice is correct because severe dyspnea is a common manifestation of ARF. Dyspnea is a difficulty or discomfort in breathing that affects the oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal from the body. It may be caused by various factors such as lung disease, heart disease, anemia, or anxiety, but it indicates ARF when it is severe and persistent.
Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because nausea is not a common manifestation of ARF. Nausea is a sensation of uneasiness or discomfort in the stomach that may precede vomiting. It may be caused by various factors such as food poisoning, motion sickness, medication side effects, or pregnancy, but it does not indicate ARF.
Choice D Reason: This choice is correct because hypotension is a common manifestation of ARF. Hypotension is a condition in which the blood pressure is lower than normal (less than 90/60 mm Hg). It may be caused by various factors such as dehydration, blood loss, sepsis, or shock, but it indicates ARF when it is due to reduced cardiac output or vasodilation from hypoxia.
Choice E Reason: This choice is correct because decreased level of consciousness is a common manifestation of ARF. Decreased level of consciousness is a condition in which the person has impaired awareness or responsiveness to stimuli. It may be caused by various factors such as brain injury, stroke, seizure, or drug overdose, but it indicates ARF when it is due to increased carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia) or decreased oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the brain.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because furosemide is a diuretic that helps to reduce fluid retention and edema. It may be used for clients who have heart failure or hypertension, but it does not treat pulmonary embolism.
Choice B Reason: This choice is correct because heparin is an anticoagulant that helps to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger. It may be used for clients who have pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot that usually originates from a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Heparin can reduce the risk of complications such as pulmonary infarction or death.
Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation and immune response. It may be used for clients who have allergic reactions, asthma, or autoimmune diseases, but it does not treat pulmonary embolism.
Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because epinephrine is a sympathomimetic that helps to stimulate the heart and blood vessels. It may be used for clients who have cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, or severe asthma, but it does not treat pulmonary embolism.
Choice E Reason: This choice is incorrect because atropine is an anticholinergic that helps to block the effects of acetylcholine on the heart and smooth muscles. It may be used for clients who have bradycardia, atrioventricular block, or organophosphate poisoning, but it does not treat pulmonary embolism.
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