A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Hypomagnesemia

Hyperkalemia

Decreased creatinine level

Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because hypomagnesemia is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Hypomagnesemia is a condition in which the serum magnesium level is lower than normal (less than 1.5 mEq/L). It may be caused by various factors such as malnutrition, diarrhea, diuretics, or alcohol abuse. It may cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, tremors, tetany, or cardiac arrhythmias.

Choice B Reason: This choice is correct because hyperkalemia is a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Hyperkalemia is a condition in which the serum potassium level is higher than normal (more than 5 mEq/L). It may be caused by reduced renal excretion of potassium due to decreased urine output (oliguria). It may cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, paresthesia, bradycardia, or cardiac arrest.

Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because decreased creatinine level is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine. A normal creatinine level ranges from 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. In acute kidney injury, creatinine level usually increases due to reduced renal function and impaired clearance of creatinine.

Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. GFR is a measure of how well

the kidneys filter blood and remove waste products.

A normal GFR range is 90,to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. In acute kidney injury, GFR usually decreases due to reduced blood ﬂow,to,the kidneys or damage to the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels that filter blood in the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This choice is correct because respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the lungs cannot eliminate enough carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood, resulting in a high level of CO2 (PaCO2) and a low level of pH. A normal PaCO2 range is 35 to 45 mm Hg, so a value of 50 mm Hg indicates respiratory acidosis.

Choice B Reason: This choice is incorrect because HCO3 (bicarbonate) is a base that helps to buﬀer the excess acid in the blood. In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys try to compensate by retaining more HCO3 and excreting more hydrogen ions. Therefore, a high level of HCO3 (above 26 mEq/L) would indicate a chronic or compensated respiratory acidosis, not an acute or uncompensated one.

Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the blood. A normal pH range is 7.35 to 7.45, so a value of 7.45 indicates a neutral or slightly alkaline blood, not an acidic one. A low pH (below 7.35) would indicate respiratory acidosis.

Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because potassium is an electrolyte that helps to regulate the nerve and muscle function, as well as the ﬂuid balance in the body. In respiratory acidosis, the increased hydrogen ions in the blood may shift into the cells in exchange for potassium, resulting in a high level of potassium (hyperkalemia).

Therefore, a low level of potassium (below 3.5 mEq/L) would indicate hypokalemia, not respiratory acidosis.

A. Hypertension B. Bradypnea C. Oliguria D. Flushing of the skin

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure. A client who has hypovolemic shock is more likely to have hypotension, which is a condition of low blood pressure, due to ﬂuid loss and reduced cardiac output.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because bradypnea is a condition of slow breathing. A client who has hypovolemic shock is more likely to have tachypnea, which is a condition of fast breathing, due to hypoxia and increased respiratory demand.

Choice C Reason: This is correct because oliguria is a condition of low urine output. A client who has hypovolemic shock may have oliguria due to decreased renal perfusion and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which causes sodium and water retention.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because ﬂushing of the skin is a condition of redness and warmth of the skin. A client who has hypovolemic shock may have pallor and coolness of the skin due to vasoconstriction and reduced blood ﬂow.

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A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has hypovolemic shock. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an expected finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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