A nurse is discussing laboratory values associated with the renal system with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the values?
Creatinine levels are increased in clients who have acute kidney injury.
BUN is decreased in clients who have dehydration
Specific gravity is decreased in clients who have hypovolemia.
Potassium levels are increased in clients who have polyuria.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Creatinine levels rise in acute kidney injury due to impaired kidney function, as the kidneys are unable to effectively filter creatinine from the blood.
B. BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels typically increase in dehydration due to reduced kidney perfusion, leading to decreased urine output and increased concentration of waste products in the blood.
C. Specific gravity increases in hypovolemia because urine becomes more concentrated as the body tries to conserve water.
D. Potassium levels may vary depending on the cause of polyuria, but polyuria itself does not necessarily cause hyperkalemia. It can be caused by various factors including diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hyperglycemia is associated with diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), not hyperglycemia.
B. Dehydration is a hallmark finding in diabetes insipidus due to excessive urination and fluid loss. Clients with diabetes insipidus may exhibit signs of dehydration, such as dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and hypotension.
C. Bradycardia is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus.
D. Polyphagia, or excessive hunger, is a symptom of diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be affected by factors other than renal function, such as hydration status and protein intake.
B. Serum creatinine is a more specific indicator of renal function because it reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Elevated levels indicate impaired renal function.
C. Urine-specific gravity can provide some information about renal concentrating ability but is not as specific or sensitive as serum creatinine for assessing overall renal function.
D. Serum sodium levels may be affected by various factors, including hydration status and medications, but they do not directly reflect renal function.
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