A primary care nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client. Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease?

Chronic lung disease

Hypertension

Diabetes

Coronary heart disease

Obesity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A.   Chronic lung disease is not typically identified as a risk factor for developing kidney disease.
B.   Hypertension is a significant risk factor for kidney disease as it can damage blood vessels in the kidneys over time.
C.   Diabetes, especially when uncontrolled, can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney disease.
D.   Coronary heart disease is primarily related to the cardiovascular system and is not directly associated with kidney disease.
E.   Obesity increases the risk of developing kidney disease due to associated conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low bicarbonate levels (HCO3).
B. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high bicarbonate levels (HCO3).
C. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO2 levels.
D. The pH is below the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis, as an increase in PaCO2 leads to an increase in carbonic acid and a decrease in pH.

A. pH 7.45 B. PaCO, 50 mm Hg C. Potassium 3.3 mEq/L D. HCO 30 mEq/L

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. In respiratory acidosis, the pH would be lower than normal due to an excess of carbon dioxide.
B. PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) would be elevated in respiratory acidosis because of inadequate ventilation leading to CO2 retention.
C. Potassium levels may vary depending on other factors but are not directly related to respiratory acidosis.
D. HCO3 (bicarbonate) levels may be normal or increased compensatorily in chronic respiratory acidosis, not necessarily decreased.

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A primary care nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client. Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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