A primary care nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client. Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease?

Chronic lung disease

Hypertension

Diabetes

Coronary heart disease

Obesity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A.   Chronic lung disease is not typically identified as a risk factor for developing kidney disease.
B.   Hypertension is a significant risk factor for kidney disease as it can damage blood vessels in the kidneys over time.
C.   Diabetes, especially when uncontrolled, can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney disease.
D.   Coronary heart disease is primarily related to the cardiovascular system and is not directly associated with kidney disease.
E.   Obesity increases the risk of developing kidney disease due to associated conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Polyuria (excessive urination) is not typically associated with low calcium levels. It may occur in conditions such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
B. Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can lead to neuromuscular irritability, which may manifest as muscle tremors or spasms. This is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.
C. Dry, sticky mucous membranes are more indicative of dehydration rather than hypocalcemia.
D. Negative Chvostek's sign means the absence of facial muscle twitching upon tapping the facial nerve, which is not expected in hypocalcemia.

A. pH 7.45 B. PaCO, 50 mm Hg C. Potassium 3.3 mEq/L D. HCO 30 mEq/L

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. In respiratory acidosis, the pH would be lower than normal due to an excess of carbon dioxide.
B. PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) would be elevated in respiratory acidosis because of inadequate ventilation leading to CO2 retention.
C. Potassium levels may vary depending on other factors but are not directly related to respiratory acidosis.
D. HCO3 (bicarbonate) levels may be normal or increased compensatorily in chronic respiratory acidosis, not necessarily decreased.

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A primary care nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client. Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease?

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