A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?
Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower.
Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.
Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.
Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.
Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.
Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.
Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The serum creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in the blood and provides information about kidney function. Normal ranges for serum creatinine levels are 0.74 to 1.35 mg/dL for adult men and 0.59 to
1.04 mg/dL for adult women. This test is a common way to assess renal function and can indicate if the kidneys are not filtering waste effectively.
Choice B reason: While a serum creatinine test can indicate severe renal impairment, it does not diagnose a specific disease. Further testing would be required to determine the presence of a particular renal disease.
Choice C reason: The serum creatinine test does not directly show if medications are affecting kidney function. However, if a patient is on medications known to affect the kidneys, such as certain steroids, changes in creatinine levels can suggest an impact on renal function.
Choice D reason: It is part of the nurse's role to provide information about tests and procedures. Telling a patient to ask the doctor does not offer immediate support or information, which can be important for patient care and understanding.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Multiple sclerosis can affect the nerves that control the bladder and sphincter muscles, leading to urinary retention.
Choice B reason: Streptococcal infection is not typically associated with urinary retention unless it specifically affects the urinary tract, which is not common.
Choice C reason: Constipation can cause urinary retention by exerting pressure on the bladder or urethra, obstructing the flow of urine.
Choice D reason: Parkinson's disease can lead to urinary retention due to the impairment of nerve signals that
control the bladder.
Choice E reason: Pelvic organ prolapse can obstruct the urethra, leading to difficulty in emptying the bladder and resulting in urinary retention.
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