A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department with a diagnosis of renal calculi. Which of the following areas of the renal system do most renal calculi begin forming?
Bladder
Renal papilla
Ureter
Urethra
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: The bladder is not where renal calculi typically begin to form; it is where they may end up if they travel down from the kidneys.
Choice B reason: Renal calculi commonly begin forming at the renal papilla, which is part of the kidney where urine collects before it flows into the ureter.
Choice C reason: The ureter is not the typical starting point for the formation of renal calculi, though stones can travel through it.
Choice D reason: The urethra is not a common site for the formation of renal calculi; it is the duct through which urine is discharged.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aluminum hydroxide does not primarily lower serum calcium levels. Calcium levels are typically managed in CKD patients through other medications and dietary restrictions, as hypercalcemia can occur in these patients.
Choice B reason: Aluminum hydroxide acts as a phosphate binder, which helps to lower serum phosphorus levels in patients with CKD. This is important because high phosphorus levels can lead to bone and heart problems in these patients. The normal range for serum phosphorus is approximately 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.
Choice C reason: Aluminum hydroxide does not have a significant effect on serum potassium levels. In CKD, potassium levels are managed through diet and other medications due to the risk of hyperkalemia, which can be life- threatening.
Choice D reason: While magaldrate contains magnesium, which could potentially worsen hypermagnesemia in CKD patients, aluminum hydroxide does not lower serum magnesium levels. Instead, it is less likely to cause elevated magnesium levels compared to magaldrate.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Asparagus is not typically high in potassium and does not need to be avoided by clients with chronic
kidney disease.
Choice B reason: Raisins are high in potassium and should be avoided by clients with chronic kidney disease to prevent hyperkalemia.
Choice C reason: Bananas are known to be high in potassium and should be limited or avoided in clients with chronic kidney disease.
Choice D reason: Tomatoes and tomato products are high in potassium and should be avoided to maintain safe
potassium levels.
Choice E reason: Green beans are not considered high in potassium and do not typically need to be avoided by clients with chronic kidney disease.
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