A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department with a diagnosis of renal calculi. Which of the following areas of the renal system do most renal calculi begin forming?

Bladder

Renal papilla

Ureter

Urethra

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: The bladder is not where renal calculi typically begin to form; it is where they may end up if they travel down from the kidneys.

Choice B reason: Renal calculi commonly begin forming at the renal papilla, which is part of the kidney where urine collects before it flows into the ureter.

Choice C reason: The ureter is not the typical starting point for the formation of renal calculi, though stones can travel through it.

Choice D reason: The urethra is not a common site for the formation of renal calculi; it is the duct through which urine is discharged.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: A high calcium diet and high blood calcium levels are not directly related to pyelonephritis.

Choice B reason: Recurrent UTIs can lead to pyelonephritis, especially if the infections ascend to the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Long-term use of ibuprofen can affect kidney function but is not a direct cause of pyelonephritis.

Choice D reason: Genetic diseases can affect kidney health, but there is no common genetic disease that directly causes pyelonephritis.

A. Breast cancer survivor for 8 years B. Pacemaker C. 65 years of age D. Alcohol use disorder

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Being a breast cancer survivor is not an absolute contraindication for kidney transplant. Patients with a history of malignancy should be successfully treated before proceeding with transplantation, and most candidates with a history of cancer are advised to wait a period of time between successful treatment and transplantation.

Choice B reason: Having a pacemaker is not a contraindication for kidney transplant. Patients with cardiac devices can undergo transplantation if their cardiac condition is stable and well-managed.

Choice C reason: Age alone, such as being 65 years of age, is not an absolute contraindication for kidney transplant. Many transplant centers perform successful kidney transplants in older adults, considering their overall health and potential benefits from the procedure.

Choice D reason: Active drug or alcohol addiction is considered a contraindication for kidney transplantation. Patients with addiction should be in an established recovery program and stable for a minimum of one year before being considered for transplant.

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A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department with a diagnosis of renal calculi. Which of the following areas of the renal system do most renal calculi begin forming?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admited for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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