A nurse is monitoring an older adult female client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indicating an increased risk of AKI?

Serum creatinine 1.8 mg/dL

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 200 mg/dL

Serum osmolality 290 mOsm/kg H2O

Magnesium 2.0 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B

Choice A reason: The normal range for serum creatinine in adult females is approximately 0.6–1.1 mg/dL. A level of 1.8 mg/dL is elevated and indicates impaired kidney function, which is a risk factor for AKI.

Choice B reason: Normal BUN levels are generally between 6 to 24 mg/dL⁸. A BUN level of 200 mg/dL is significantly elevated and suggests kidney dysfunction, which can lead to AKI.

Choice C reason: Serum osmolality in the normal range, which is typically between 275 to 295 mOsm/kg H2O for adults⁹[13][^10^][14][16], does not indicate an increased risk of AKI.

Choice D reason: The normal range for serum magnesium is typically 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL or 0.85 to 1.10 mmol/L. A level of 2.0 mEq/L (which is equivalent to 2.0 mg/dL) is within the normal range and does not indicate an increased risk for AKI.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: A diet high in calcium oxalate-rich foods should be avoided as it can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Choice B reason: Continuing prescribed gout medication is important, but it does not directly prevent the formation of renal calculi unless the medication is specifically for reducing uric acid levels.

Choice C reason: Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, is one of the most effective ways to prevent the recurrence of renal calculi by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of stone-forming minerals.

Choice D reason: A diet high in purine-rich foods can increase the risk of uric acid stones and should be avoided, especially in patients with gout and a history of renal calculi.

A. Frothy urine B. Lower abdominal pain C. Hypertension D. Fish-type urine odor E. Mental confusion F. Weak urine stream

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Frothy urine is not a typical symptom of pyelonephritis; it is more associated with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome.

Choice B reason: Lower abdominal pain can be a symptom of pyelonephritis due to in?ammation and infection in the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Hypertension is not a direct symptom of pyelonephritis, although it can be associated with chronic kidney disease.

Choice D reason: A fish-type urine odor can be present in pyelonephritis due to the presence of bacteria.

Choice E reason: Mental confusion can occur, especially in severe cases or in elderly patients with pyelonephritis.

Choice F reason: A weak urine stream may be present if there is swelling or obstruction in the urinary tract due to infection.

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A nurse is monitoring an older adult female client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indicating an increased risk of AKI?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is admitting a client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to be present during the assessment? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

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